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Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography
BACKGROUND: The left atrium (LA) is an important prognostic parameter in cardiac pathologies of cats. Its size is currently measured in one-dimensional methods, while human medicine considers two- and three-dimensional echocardiography as standard. The objectives of this study were to compare monopl...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727447 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02473-6 |
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author | Rauch, Janina Fehr, Michael Beyerbach, Martin Hungerbuehler, Stephan O. |
author_facet | Rauch, Janina Fehr, Michael Beyerbach, Martin Hungerbuehler, Stephan O. |
author_sort | Rauch, Janina |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The left atrium (LA) is an important prognostic parameter in cardiac pathologies of cats. Its size is currently measured in one-dimensional methods, while human medicine considers two- and three-dimensional echocardiography as standard. The objectives of this study were to compare monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography for volumetric measurement of the left atrium in healthy cats and establish a reference interval for further studies on cats with heart disease. Additionally, the influence of age, sex and weight on left atrial volume (LAV) was tested. RESULTS: One dimensional monoplane Simpson method of discs (SMOD) in the right parasternal four chamber view (r4) and the left apical 2 chamber view (l2) as well as biplane SMOD had no significant difference for left atrial maximum volume (LAMax). They can be used as equivalent in future studies and one common reference range was set up (1.96 ± 0.54 ml). Those three methods produced significantly higher volumes than triplane echocardiography (RTTPE) and real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) using TomTec® software. LA volumetry with RTTPE and RT3DE-TomTec™ was more feasible than expected, but low RT3DE image quality was the main reason for excluding patients. Neither age nor weight had an influence on LA volume in healthy cats. Male LAV results were only slightly, but in 2D and RTTPE significantly higher than those of female cats with a range of + 10.46% to + 19.58%. CONCLUSIONS: Monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography were feasible for LA volumetry in healthy cats and showed acceptable intra- and interobserver variability. One common LAMax reference range for monoplane r4, l2 and biplane SMOD was set up. Raw data can be used for LA volumes and does not need to be correlated with the cat’s weight or age. Male cats have only slightly but significantly larger atria than females in 2D and RTTPE. Therefore, under reservation, also sex related limit values were defined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7391821 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73918212020-08-04 Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography Rauch, Janina Fehr, Michael Beyerbach, Martin Hungerbuehler, Stephan O. BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: The left atrium (LA) is an important prognostic parameter in cardiac pathologies of cats. Its size is currently measured in one-dimensional methods, while human medicine considers two- and three-dimensional echocardiography as standard. The objectives of this study were to compare monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography for volumetric measurement of the left atrium in healthy cats and establish a reference interval for further studies on cats with heart disease. Additionally, the influence of age, sex and weight on left atrial volume (LAV) was tested. RESULTS: One dimensional monoplane Simpson method of discs (SMOD) in the right parasternal four chamber view (r4) and the left apical 2 chamber view (l2) as well as biplane SMOD had no significant difference for left atrial maximum volume (LAMax). They can be used as equivalent in future studies and one common reference range was set up (1.96 ± 0.54 ml). Those three methods produced significantly higher volumes than triplane echocardiography (RTTPE) and real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) using TomTec® software. LA volumetry with RTTPE and RT3DE-TomTec™ was more feasible than expected, but low RT3DE image quality was the main reason for excluding patients. Neither age nor weight had an influence on LA volume in healthy cats. Male LAV results were only slightly, but in 2D and RTTPE significantly higher than those of female cats with a range of + 10.46% to + 19.58%. CONCLUSIONS: Monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography were feasible for LA volumetry in healthy cats and showed acceptable intra- and interobserver variability. One common LAMax reference range for monoplane r4, l2 and biplane SMOD was set up. Raw data can be used for LA volumes and does not need to be correlated with the cat’s weight or age. Male cats have only slightly but significantly larger atria than females in 2D and RTTPE. Therefore, under reservation, also sex related limit values were defined. BioMed Central 2020-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7391821/ /pubmed/32727447 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02473-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rauch, Janina Fehr, Michael Beyerbach, Martin Hungerbuehler, Stephan O. Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title | Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_full | Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_fullStr | Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_short | Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_sort | comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727447 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02473-6 |
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