Resident Learning Curve for Laparoscopic Appendectomy According to Seniority

PURPOSE: This study sought to delineate the learning curve (LC) for laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in surgical residency according to seniority and experience. METHODS: Between October 2015 and November 2016, 150 patients underwent LA performed by one of 3 residents (who were in their first [A], second [B], or third [C] year of training) under supervision. The patients were nonrandomly assigned to each resident. Data from a prospectively collected database were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative outcomes including operation time, complications, and conversion were compared among the 3 residents. The LC was evaluated using the moving average method and cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) for operation time and surgical completion. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were similar among the 3 groups except for age and location of the appendix. The operation time did not vary among the 3 residents (43.9, 45.3, and 48.4 minutes for A, B, and C, respectively; P=0.392). The moving average method for operation time showed a decreasing tendency for all residents. CUSUM results for operation time revealed peak points achieved at the 24th, 18th, and 31st cases for residents A, B, and C, respectively. In terms of surgical failure, residents A, B, and C reached steady states after their 35th, 11th, and 16th cases, respectively. Perforation of the appendix base was the only risk factor for surgical failure. CONCLUSION: The resident LC for LA was 11 to 35 cases according to multidimensional statistical analyses. The accumulation of surgical experience among residents might influence the LC for surgical completion but not that for operation time.