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Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise
Exercise is a major challenge for cardiovascular apparatus since it recruits chronotropic, inotropic, pre-load, and afterload reserves. Regular physical training induces several physiological adaptations leading to an increase in both cardiac volume and mass. It appears that several gender-related p...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Bentham Science Publishers
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7393595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30907327 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X15666190321141856 |
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author | Bassareo, Pier P. Crisafulli, Antonio |
author_facet | Bassareo, Pier P. Crisafulli, Antonio |
author_sort | Bassareo, Pier P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exercise is a major challenge for cardiovascular apparatus since it recruits chronotropic, inotropic, pre-load, and afterload reserves. Regular physical training induces several physiological adaptations leading to an increase in both cardiac volume and mass. It appears that several gender-related physiological and morphological differences exist in the cardiovascular adjustments and adaptations to dynamic exercise in humans. In this respect, gender may be important in determining these adjustments and adaptations to dynamic exercise due to genetic, endocrine, and body composition differences between sexes. Females seem to have a reduced vasoconstriction and a lower vascular resistance in comparison to males, especially after exercise. Significant differences exist also in the cardiovascular adaptations to physical training, with trained women showing smaller cardiac volume and wall thickness compared with male athletes. In this review, we summarize these differences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7393595 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Bentham Science Publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73935952021-02-01 Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise Bassareo, Pier P. Crisafulli, Antonio Curr Cardiol Rev Article Exercise is a major challenge for cardiovascular apparatus since it recruits chronotropic, inotropic, pre-load, and afterload reserves. Regular physical training induces several physiological adaptations leading to an increase in both cardiac volume and mass. It appears that several gender-related physiological and morphological differences exist in the cardiovascular adjustments and adaptations to dynamic exercise in humans. In this respect, gender may be important in determining these adjustments and adaptations to dynamic exercise due to genetic, endocrine, and body composition differences between sexes. Females seem to have a reduced vasoconstriction and a lower vascular resistance in comparison to males, especially after exercise. Significant differences exist also in the cardiovascular adaptations to physical training, with trained women showing smaller cardiac volume and wall thickness compared with male athletes. In this review, we summarize these differences. Bentham Science Publishers 2020-02 2020-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7393595/ /pubmed/30907327 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X15666190321141856 Text en © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Bassareo, Pier P. Crisafulli, Antonio Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise |
title | Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise |
title_full | Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise |
title_fullStr | Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise |
title_full_unstemmed | Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise |
title_short | Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise |
title_sort | gender differences in hemodynamic regulation and cardiovascular adaptations to dynamic exercise |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7393595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30907327 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X15666190321141856 |
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