CYP19A1 Gene Expression in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

CONTEXT: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among the women of reproductive age, yet the etiology of PCOS remains unclear. Infertility in females with PCOS can be caused by anovulation, high luteinizing hormone levels, and hyperandrogenism. AIMS: This research analyzed the role of the aromatase gene (CYP19A1) in PCOS pathogenesis. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study used an observational, cross-sectional design. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 110 research participants (55 PCOS patients and 55 non-PCOS patients) were included in the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the mRNA expression for aromatase in granulosa cells. RESULTS: The relative expression of aromatase mRNA is lower in women with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (P < 0.05). Relative expression of CYP19A1 (aromatase) mRNA in PCOS group was 0.38 ± 0.25, whereas in non-PCOS group was 1.00 ± 0.00. The decline in aromatase activity contributes to an increase in testosterone level. This condition has a role in hyperandrogenism which is a typical characteristic of PCOS women. Granulosa cells in polycystic ovary undergo disturbance in the development and cannot respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation. Lack of stimulation of FSH causes induction inadequacy to aromatase enzyme activity in the aromatization process. The decline in FSH activity is caused by various factors that are associated with typical characteristics of PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: There is a decrease in the relative expression rate of granulosa cells’ aromatase mRNA in women with PCOS compared to the non-PCOS.