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Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India

OBJECTIVES: There is limited knowledge regarding epidemiology and risk of falls among the elderly living in low-income and middle-income countries. In this situation, the current study aims to report the incidence of falls and associated risk factors among free living elderly population from Kerala,...

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Autores principales: Sasidharan, Divyamol K, Vijayakumar, Priya, Raj, Manu, Soman, Sumi, Antony, Libin, Sudhakar, Abish, Kabali, Conrad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7394145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32737084
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033691
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author Sasidharan, Divyamol K
Vijayakumar, Priya
Raj, Manu
Soman, Sumi
Antony, Libin
Sudhakar, Abish
Kabali, Conrad
author_facet Sasidharan, Divyamol K
Vijayakumar, Priya
Raj, Manu
Soman, Sumi
Antony, Libin
Sudhakar, Abish
Kabali, Conrad
author_sort Sasidharan, Divyamol K
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: There is limited knowledge regarding epidemiology and risk of falls among the elderly living in low-income and middle-income countries. In this situation, the current study aims to report the incidence of falls and associated risk factors among free living elderly population from Kerala, India. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with stratified random cluster sampling. SETTING: The study location was Ernakulam, Kerala, India, and we collected information via house visits using a questionnaire. During the research, the subjects were followed up prospectively for 1 year by phone at intervals of 3 months and missing subjects were contacted by house visits. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling elderly above 65 years of age. RESULTS: We recruited a total of 1000 participants out of which a total of 201 (20.1%) subjects reported a fall during the follow-up. The incidence rate of falls was 31 (95% CI 27.7 to 34.6) per 100 person-years. Female sex (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.10, p=0.027), movement disorders including Parkinsonism (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.05, p=0.048), arthritis (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.09, p=0.026), dependence in basic activities of daily living (OR, 3.49, 95% CI 2.00 to 6.09, p<0.001), not using antihypertensive medications (OR, 1.53, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.13, p=0.012), living alone during daytime (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.59 to 6.71, p=0.001) and a history of falls in the previous year (OR, 2.25, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.15, p<0.001) predicted a fall in the following year. CONCLUSIONS: One in five community-dwelling senior citizen fall annually and one in four who fall are prone to fall again in the following year. Interventions targeting falls among the elderly need to focus on modifiable risk factors such as living alone during daytime, movement disorders, arthritis and dependence on basic activities of daily living.
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spelling pubmed-73941452020-08-11 Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India Sasidharan, Divyamol K Vijayakumar, Priya Raj, Manu Soman, Sumi Antony, Libin Sudhakar, Abish Kabali, Conrad BMJ Open Geriatric Medicine OBJECTIVES: There is limited knowledge regarding epidemiology and risk of falls among the elderly living in low-income and middle-income countries. In this situation, the current study aims to report the incidence of falls and associated risk factors among free living elderly population from Kerala, India. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with stratified random cluster sampling. SETTING: The study location was Ernakulam, Kerala, India, and we collected information via house visits using a questionnaire. During the research, the subjects were followed up prospectively for 1 year by phone at intervals of 3 months and missing subjects were contacted by house visits. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling elderly above 65 years of age. RESULTS: We recruited a total of 1000 participants out of which a total of 201 (20.1%) subjects reported a fall during the follow-up. The incidence rate of falls was 31 (95% CI 27.7 to 34.6) per 100 person-years. Female sex (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.10, p=0.027), movement disorders including Parkinsonism (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.05, p=0.048), arthritis (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.09, p=0.026), dependence in basic activities of daily living (OR, 3.49, 95% CI 2.00 to 6.09, p<0.001), not using antihypertensive medications (OR, 1.53, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.13, p=0.012), living alone during daytime (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.59 to 6.71, p=0.001) and a history of falls in the previous year (OR, 2.25, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.15, p<0.001) predicted a fall in the following year. CONCLUSIONS: One in five community-dwelling senior citizen fall annually and one in four who fall are prone to fall again in the following year. Interventions targeting falls among the elderly need to focus on modifiable risk factors such as living alone during daytime, movement disorders, arthritis and dependence on basic activities of daily living. BMJ Publishing Group 2020-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7394145/ /pubmed/32737084 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033691 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Geriatric Medicine
Sasidharan, Divyamol K
Vijayakumar, Priya
Raj, Manu
Soman, Sumi
Antony, Libin
Sudhakar, Abish
Kabali, Conrad
Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India
title Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India
title_full Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India
title_fullStr Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India
title_full_unstemmed Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India
title_short Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India
title_sort incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from ernakulam, kerala, india
topic Geriatric Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7394145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32737084
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033691
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