Crescents formations are independently associated with higher mortality in biopsy-confirmed immunoglobulin A nephropathy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of glomerulonephritis with variable renal outcome. The association between IgAN and patient survival is limited. The effect of crescents on patient survival was never studied. MATERIALS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study between January 2003 and December 2013. All patients with the biopsy-proved IgAN was enrolled for the analysis of patient survival and renal survival. Cox regression model was used analyze the associated factors for patient survival. RESULTS: All 388 participants with IgAN were enrolled, in which 45 patients with crescents. The mean percentage of glomeruli involvement was 23±18.9%. After long-term follow-up, crescents group had both worse renal (p = 0.034) and patient survivals (p = 0.016). In univariate Cox regression model, the age (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05–1.12, p<0.001), crescents (HR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.18–13.07, p = 0.025), serum albumin (HR = 0.023, 95%CI = 0.11–0.50, p<0.001), blood total protein (HR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.28–0.75, p = 0.002), HDL (HR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.91–0.99, p = 0.009), daily urine protein (HR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.01–1.29, p = 0.038), urine PCR (HR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.02–1.12, p = 0.003), serum IgM (HR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.96–1.00, p = 0.036), BUN (HR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.01–1.02, p = 0.005), and eGFR (HR = 0.097, 95%CI = 0.94–0.99, p = 0.0011) were associated with patient survival. After multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (HR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.01–1.13, p = 0.013), crescents (HR = 5.57, 95%CI = 1.14–29.05, p = 0.034), and HDL (HR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.90–0.99, p = 0.026) were associated with patient survival. Crescents IgAN is with the highest risk (up to 5.75 of HR) for patient mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The major strengths of the present study is that crescents IgAN had worse patient survival compared to non-crescents IgAN. Clinicians should be more careful to care patients with crescents IgAN.