PD-L1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Insights into the Role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the role of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in expression of tumor programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and prognostic significance of (18)F-FDG PET/CT at different PD-L1 status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma who received (18)F-FDG PET/CT before treatment were retrospectively included in this study. Expression of tumor PD-L1, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and glucose metabolic parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Tumor PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), hexokinase II (HK-II) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) (P<0.0001 for all). SUVmax was a unique independent predictor of tumor PD-L1 expression, with an optimal cut-off value of 9.5. For all the patients, tumor stage (P<0.001) and SUVmax (P=0.009) were independent prognostic indicators of disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) while carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) (P=0.003), Ki67 (P=0.042), PD-L1 (P=0.048) and TLG (P=0.004) were independent prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS). Tumor stage (P=0.004) and SUVmax (P=0.022) were independent prognostic indicators of DFS/PFS while TLG (P=0.012) and CEA (P=0.045) were independent prognostic indicators of OS in the PD-L1-positive group. In the PD-L1-negative group, tumor stage (P=0.002) and CEA (P=0.006) were unique independent prognostic indicators of DFS/PFS and OS, respectively. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET/CT may potentially predict tumor PD-L1 expression and play a role in predicting prognosis of PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.