Spectrum of liver diseases in patients referred for Fibroscan: A single center experience in the Middle East

BACKGROUND: Liver diseases is a worldwide etiology causing high morbidity and mortality. Fibroscan is a quick, painless examination performed in clinic or at the patient's bedside. It is used to evaluate liver status for patients with suspected liver disease prognosis. This study aims at describing the spectrum of liver diseases among patients performing Fibroscan at a tertiary care center in Lebanon. METHODS: This is a retrospective data collection study on patients who underwent Fibroscan at the American University of Beirut hepatobiliary unit between 2015 and 2018. Medical charts of all patients were reviewed. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 25 software. RESULTS: A total of 620 patients presented to the hepatobiliary unit for Fibroscan, of which 419 (67.5%) were males. The mean age was 47.8 ± 13.4 (range 18–84). 362(58.3%) had NAFLD, 89 (14.3%) had Hepatitis-B, 69 (11.1%) had Hepatitis-C, 48 (7.7%) had ALD, 20 (3.3%) had DILI, and 13 (2.9%) had autoimmune hepatitis. 190 (30.6%) were overweight (BMI over 25), 128 (20.6%) had diabetes. Liver stiffness corresponding to the diagnosis of F4 liver fibrosis stage on Fibroscan was mostly reported in 6 (46.5%) autoimmune hepatitis, 101 (27.9%) NAFLD, and 18 (26.1%) HCV patients. 141 (45.5%) patients who had one or more metabolic risk factors suffered from severe stage steatosis compared with 78 (28.9%) who had not any risk factors with P-value 0.04. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our sample, NAFLD is emerging as a predominant etiology of CLD, followed by, HBV, and HCV. This is the first study that reports CLD status in Lebanon, further studies that describe the prevalence and incidence of the disease at a larger scale are needed.