Cargando…

Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

BACKGROUND: Smoking invariably has health, social, economic, and environmental consequences in Ethiopia. Reducing and quitting cigarette smoking improves individual health and increases available household funds for food, education, and better economic productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed at...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Handebo, Simegnew, Birara, Setognal, Kassie, Ayenew, Nigusie, Adane, Aleminew, Wallelign
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7396004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775418
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4141370
_version_ 1783565499024539648
author Handebo, Simegnew
Birara, Setognal
Kassie, Ayenew
Nigusie, Adane
Aleminew, Wallelign
author_facet Handebo, Simegnew
Birara, Setognal
Kassie, Ayenew
Nigusie, Adane
Aleminew, Wallelign
author_sort Handebo, Simegnew
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Smoking invariably has health, social, economic, and environmental consequences in Ethiopia. Reducing and quitting cigarette smoking improves individual health and increases available household funds for food, education, and better economic productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing cigarette smoking intensity and associated factors among male smokers in Ethiopia. METHODS: The data were extracted from the 2016 national cross-sectional Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Our study used data from the standardized and adapted men's questionnaire. The study included a total of 391 (weighted) smokers who at least smoked one manufactured cigarette per day. The data were collected using a two-stage cluster design which includes selection of enumeration areas and then selection of households. The number of manufactured cigarettes smokers smoked per day was used to measure smoking intensity. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study findings. Bivariable and multivariable truncated negative binomial Poisson regression models were employed to determine smoking intensity. RESULTS: The finding showed that on average men smoked weighted nine cigarettes per day. One in every five of the smokers (21.2%) smoked 10 cigarettes per day. Smokers living in rural areas (IRR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.244, 0.756), currently married (IRR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91), formerly married (IRR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.96), richer men (IRR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.90), and richest men (IRR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.87) were associated with lower smoking intensity. Smokers in the Somali (IRR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.11), Harari (IRR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 10.51), and Dire Dawa (IRR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.80) regions; older age (IRR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.40); affiliated with Protestant religion (IRR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.92); poorer men (IRR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.27); watched television (IRR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35); drunk alcohol (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.82); and completed primary (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 0.317) and higher education (IRR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.88, 4.67) were positively associated with smoking intensity. CONCLUSION: Male smokers in Ethiopia smoked intensively with an average of nine manufactured cigarettes per day. Tobacco control interventions should target the following: Eastern Ethiopia regions, older aged, affiliated with Protestant religion, poorer men, watched television, drunk alcohol, and primary and higher educational level.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7396004
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Hindawi
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-73960042020-08-07 Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Handebo, Simegnew Birara, Setognal Kassie, Ayenew Nigusie, Adane Aleminew, Wallelign Biomed Res Int Research Article BACKGROUND: Smoking invariably has health, social, economic, and environmental consequences in Ethiopia. Reducing and quitting cigarette smoking improves individual health and increases available household funds for food, education, and better economic productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing cigarette smoking intensity and associated factors among male smokers in Ethiopia. METHODS: The data were extracted from the 2016 national cross-sectional Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Our study used data from the standardized and adapted men's questionnaire. The study included a total of 391 (weighted) smokers who at least smoked one manufactured cigarette per day. The data were collected using a two-stage cluster design which includes selection of enumeration areas and then selection of households. The number of manufactured cigarettes smokers smoked per day was used to measure smoking intensity. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study findings. Bivariable and multivariable truncated negative binomial Poisson regression models were employed to determine smoking intensity. RESULTS: The finding showed that on average men smoked weighted nine cigarettes per day. One in every five of the smokers (21.2%) smoked 10 cigarettes per day. Smokers living in rural areas (IRR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.244, 0.756), currently married (IRR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91), formerly married (IRR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.96), richer men (IRR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.90), and richest men (IRR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.87) were associated with lower smoking intensity. Smokers in the Somali (IRR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.11), Harari (IRR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 10.51), and Dire Dawa (IRR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.80) regions; older age (IRR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.40); affiliated with Protestant religion (IRR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.92); poorer men (IRR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.27); watched television (IRR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35); drunk alcohol (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.82); and completed primary (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 0.317) and higher education (IRR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.88, 4.67) were positively associated with smoking intensity. CONCLUSION: Male smokers in Ethiopia smoked intensively with an average of nine manufactured cigarettes per day. Tobacco control interventions should target the following: Eastern Ethiopia regions, older aged, affiliated with Protestant religion, poorer men, watched television, drunk alcohol, and primary and higher educational level. Hindawi 2020-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7396004/ /pubmed/32775418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4141370 Text en Copyright © 2020 Simegnew Handebo et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Handebo, Simegnew
Birara, Setognal
Kassie, Ayenew
Nigusie, Adane
Aleminew, Wallelign
Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
title Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
title_full Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
title_fullStr Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
title_full_unstemmed Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
title_short Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
title_sort smoking intensity and associated factors among male smokers in ethiopia: further analysis of 2016 ethiopian demographic and health survey
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7396004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775418
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4141370
work_keys_str_mv AT handebosimegnew smokingintensityandassociatedfactorsamongmalesmokersinethiopiafurtheranalysisof2016ethiopiandemographicandhealthsurvey
AT birarasetognal smokingintensityandassociatedfactorsamongmalesmokersinethiopiafurtheranalysisof2016ethiopiandemographicandhealthsurvey
AT kassieayenew smokingintensityandassociatedfactorsamongmalesmokersinethiopiafurtheranalysisof2016ethiopiandemographicandhealthsurvey
AT nigusieadane smokingintensityandassociatedfactorsamongmalesmokersinethiopiafurtheranalysisof2016ethiopiandemographicandhealthsurvey
AT aleminewwallelign smokingintensityandassociatedfactorsamongmalesmokersinethiopiafurtheranalysisof2016ethiopiandemographicandhealthsurvey