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Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR)
Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed majorly rely on their innate immunity modulated by PRRs like toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR). Howev...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Elsevier B.V.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7396143/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755705 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.293 |
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author | Sahoo, Bikash Ranjan |
author_facet | Sahoo, Bikash Ranjan |
author_sort | Sahoo, Bikash Ranjan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed majorly rely on their innate immunity modulated by PRRs like toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR). However, current development to improve the fish immunity via TLR/NLR signaling is affected by a poor understanding of its mechanistic and structural features. This review discusses the structure of fish TLRs/NLRs and its interaction with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and downstream signaling molecules. Over the past one decade, significant progress has been done in studying the structure of TLRs/NLRs in higher eukaryotes; however, structural studies on fish innate immune receptors are undermined. Several novel TLR genes are identified in fish that are absent in higher eukaryotes, but the function is still poorly understood. Unlike the fundamental progress achieved in developing antagonist/agonist to modulate human innate immunity, analogous studies in fish are nearly lacking due to structural inadequacy. This underlies the importance of exploring the structural and mechanistic details of fish TLRs/NLRs at an atomic and molecular level. This review outlined the mechanistic and structural basis of fish TLR and NLR activation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7396143 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73961432020-08-03 Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) Sahoo, Bikash Ranjan Int J Biol Macromol Review Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed majorly rely on their innate immunity modulated by PRRs like toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR). However, current development to improve the fish immunity via TLR/NLR signaling is affected by a poor understanding of its mechanistic and structural features. This review discusses the structure of fish TLRs/NLRs and its interaction with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and downstream signaling molecules. Over the past one decade, significant progress has been done in studying the structure of TLRs/NLRs in higher eukaryotes; however, structural studies on fish innate immune receptors are undermined. Several novel TLR genes are identified in fish that are absent in higher eukaryotes, but the function is still poorly understood. Unlike the fundamental progress achieved in developing antagonist/agonist to modulate human innate immunity, analogous studies in fish are nearly lacking due to structural inadequacy. This underlies the importance of exploring the structural and mechanistic details of fish TLRs/NLRs at an atomic and molecular level. This review outlined the mechanistic and structural basis of fish TLR and NLR activation. Elsevier B.V. 2020-10-15 2020-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7396143/ /pubmed/32755705 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.293 Text en © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Review Sahoo, Bikash Ranjan Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) |
title | Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) |
title_full | Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) |
title_fullStr | Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) |
title_full_unstemmed | Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) |
title_short | Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) |
title_sort | structure of fish toll-like receptors (tlr) and nod-like receptors (nlr) |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7396143/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755705 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.293 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT sahoobikashranjan structureoffishtolllikereceptorstlrandnodlikereceptorsnlr |