Dataset on hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and surface water in Kattumannarkoil Taluk, India

Surfacewater overlay groundwater at the groundwater/surface water interface(GSI). Water and chemicals are continually exchanged via GSI. Surface water recharges the underlying aquifer and undergo significant changes in chemical composition before it discharges back into the stream or at the surface. Thus a sustainable management of water resource needs an insight in the water chemistry and seasonal variations. The hydrochemical dataset representing a total of 37 groundwater samples and 13 surface water samples has been collected from Kattumannarkoil taluk,India to identify the factors governing water chemistry of the region. Hence, the samples were collected during two different seasons summer (April 2015) and monsoon (September 2015) to broadly cover seasonal variation. The collected samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. The physical parameters measured in the field are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS). The chemical parameters analyzed in the laboratory are calcium (Ca(2+)), magnesium (Mg(2+)), sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), chloride (Cl(−)), bicarbonate (HCO(3)(−)), nitrate (NO(3)(−)), phosphate (PO(4)), sulfate (SO(4)(2+)) and silica (H(4)SiO(4)). Furthermore, the results were processed using AquaChem software, Geographical information system (GIS), multivariate statistical techniques and a computer program WATCLAST written in C(++). This hydrochemical dataset ascertain the utility purpose of water. The dataset can serve as a guide for hydrogeochemistry of other predominantly agricultural area that share similar geological characteristics. The raw data of this research work is hosted in the mendeley repository [1]