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Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera
Background: Anthocyanin pigmentation characterizes a number of tissues of Citrus and its relatives. The gain and loss of pigmentation is intriguing and is inherited variously among species. Methods: Citrus germplasm was used to investigate the anthocyanin pigmentation of tissues never before conside...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11070807 |
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author | Catalano, Chiara Ciacciulli, Angelo Salonia, Fabrizio Russo, Maria Patrizia Caruso, Paola Caruso, Marco Russo, Giuseppe Distefano, Gaetano Licciardello, Concetta |
author_facet | Catalano, Chiara Ciacciulli, Angelo Salonia, Fabrizio Russo, Maria Patrizia Caruso, Paola Caruso, Marco Russo, Giuseppe Distefano, Gaetano Licciardello, Concetta |
author_sort | Catalano, Chiara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Anthocyanin pigmentation characterizes a number of tissues of Citrus and its relatives. The gain and loss of pigmentation is intriguing and is inherited variously among species. Methods: Citrus germplasm was used to investigate the anthocyanin pigmentation of tissues never before considered, including stamen, style and stigma, and of young leaves, petals, rind and flesh of 28 genotypes belonging to 14 species. Citrus genotypes encompassed citron, lemon, sweet orange, lime, and Citrus relatives included Microcitrus, Murraya, and Severinia. A relative qRT-PCR analysis was carried out on the structural and regulatory genes: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3′-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), uridine diphosphate glucose flavonoid glucosyl-transferase (UFGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), Ruby and Noemi. Image analysis and a genomic approach were employed to evaluate how the red pigmentation is inherited among tissues and species. Results: Pigmentation of young leaves and petals is specific to citron and its hybrids. Ruby controls the pigmentation of petals, but not of leaves. The red color of the rind and flesh is a trait that particularly characterizes a diversity of sweet oranges, citron hybrids and Citrus relatives. Color expression depends on external factors and also on developmental stage. The coloration of stamen and style is citron-specific, while a red stigma is exclusive to Moro orange and its hybrids. Conclusion: It is hypothesized that there is a relationship among Citrus species and genes controlling anthocyanin pigmentation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7397085 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73970852020-08-05 Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera Catalano, Chiara Ciacciulli, Angelo Salonia, Fabrizio Russo, Maria Patrizia Caruso, Paola Caruso, Marco Russo, Giuseppe Distefano, Gaetano Licciardello, Concetta Genes (Basel) Article Background: Anthocyanin pigmentation characterizes a number of tissues of Citrus and its relatives. The gain and loss of pigmentation is intriguing and is inherited variously among species. Methods: Citrus germplasm was used to investigate the anthocyanin pigmentation of tissues never before considered, including stamen, style and stigma, and of young leaves, petals, rind and flesh of 28 genotypes belonging to 14 species. Citrus genotypes encompassed citron, lemon, sweet orange, lime, and Citrus relatives included Microcitrus, Murraya, and Severinia. A relative qRT-PCR analysis was carried out on the structural and regulatory genes: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3′-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), uridine diphosphate glucose flavonoid glucosyl-transferase (UFGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), Ruby and Noemi. Image analysis and a genomic approach were employed to evaluate how the red pigmentation is inherited among tissues and species. Results: Pigmentation of young leaves and petals is specific to citron and its hybrids. Ruby controls the pigmentation of petals, but not of leaves. The red color of the rind and flesh is a trait that particularly characterizes a diversity of sweet oranges, citron hybrids and Citrus relatives. Color expression depends on external factors and also on developmental stage. The coloration of stamen and style is citron-specific, while a red stigma is exclusive to Moro orange and its hybrids. Conclusion: It is hypothesized that there is a relationship among Citrus species and genes controlling anthocyanin pigmentation. MDPI 2020-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7397085/ /pubmed/32708660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11070807 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Catalano, Chiara Ciacciulli, Angelo Salonia, Fabrizio Russo, Maria Patrizia Caruso, Paola Caruso, Marco Russo, Giuseppe Distefano, Gaetano Licciardello, Concetta Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera |
title | Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera |
title_full | Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera |
title_fullStr | Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera |
title_full_unstemmed | Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera |
title_short | Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera |
title_sort | target-genes reveal species and genotypic specificity of anthocyanin pigmentation in citrus and related genera |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11070807 |
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