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Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr.
The rationale inspiring the discovery of lead compounds for the treatment of human parasitic protozoan diseases from natural sources is the well-established use of medicinal plants in various systems of traditional medicine. On this basis, we decided to select an overlooked medicinal plant growing i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397158/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143140 |
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author | Frezza, Claudio Venditti, Alessandro Bianco, Armandodoriano Serafini, Mauro Pitorri, Massimo Sciubba, Fabio Di Cocco, Maria Enrica Spinozzi, Eleonora Cappellacci, Loredana Hofer, Anders Maggi, Filippo Petrelli, Riccardo |
author_facet | Frezza, Claudio Venditti, Alessandro Bianco, Armandodoriano Serafini, Mauro Pitorri, Massimo Sciubba, Fabio Di Cocco, Maria Enrica Spinozzi, Eleonora Cappellacci, Loredana Hofer, Anders Maggi, Filippo Petrelli, Riccardo |
author_sort | Frezza, Claudio |
collection | PubMed |
description | The rationale inspiring the discovery of lead compounds for the treatment of human parasitic protozoan diseases from natural sources is the well-established use of medicinal plants in various systems of traditional medicine. On this basis, we decided to select an overlooked medicinal plant growing in central Italy, Marrubium incanum Desr. (Lamiaceae), which has been used as a traditional remedy against protozoan diseases, and to investigate its potential against Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). For this purpose, we assayed three extracts of different polarities obtained from the aerial parts of M. incanum—namely, water (MarrInc-H(2)O), ethanol (MarrInc-EtOH) and dichloromethane (MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2))—against Trypanosoma brucei (TC221), with the aim to discover lead compounds for the development of antitrypanosomal drugs. Their selectivity index (SI) was determined on mammalian cells (BALB/3T3 mouse fibroblasts) as a counter-screen for toxicity. The preliminary screening selected the MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2) extract as the most promising candidate against HAT, showing an IC(50) value of 28 μg/mL. On this basis, column chromatography coupled with the NMR spectroscopy of a MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2) extract led to the isolation and identification of five compounds i.e. 1-α-linolenoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl-sn- glycerol (1), 1-linoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol (2), stigmasterol (3), palmitic acid (4), and salvigenin (5). Notably, compounds 3 and 5 were tested on T. brucei, with the latter being five-fold more active than the MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2) extract (IC(50) = 5.41 ± 0.85 and 28 ± 1.4 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the SI for salvigenin was >18.5, showing a preferential effect on target cells compared with the dichloromethane extract (>3.6). Conversely, stigmasterol was found to be inactive. To complete the work, also the more polar MarrInc-EtOH extract was analyzed, giving evidence for the presence of 2″-O-allopyranosyl-cosmosiin (6), verbascoside (7), and samioside (8). Our findings shed light on the phytochemistry of this overlooked species and its antiprotozoal potential, providing evidence for the promising role of flavonoids such as salvigenin for the treatment of protozoal diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7397158 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73971582020-08-16 Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr. Frezza, Claudio Venditti, Alessandro Bianco, Armandodoriano Serafini, Mauro Pitorri, Massimo Sciubba, Fabio Di Cocco, Maria Enrica Spinozzi, Eleonora Cappellacci, Loredana Hofer, Anders Maggi, Filippo Petrelli, Riccardo Molecules Article The rationale inspiring the discovery of lead compounds for the treatment of human parasitic protozoan diseases from natural sources is the well-established use of medicinal plants in various systems of traditional medicine. On this basis, we decided to select an overlooked medicinal plant growing in central Italy, Marrubium incanum Desr. (Lamiaceae), which has been used as a traditional remedy against protozoan diseases, and to investigate its potential against Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). For this purpose, we assayed three extracts of different polarities obtained from the aerial parts of M. incanum—namely, water (MarrInc-H(2)O), ethanol (MarrInc-EtOH) and dichloromethane (MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2))—against Trypanosoma brucei (TC221), with the aim to discover lead compounds for the development of antitrypanosomal drugs. Their selectivity index (SI) was determined on mammalian cells (BALB/3T3 mouse fibroblasts) as a counter-screen for toxicity. The preliminary screening selected the MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2) extract as the most promising candidate against HAT, showing an IC(50) value of 28 μg/mL. On this basis, column chromatography coupled with the NMR spectroscopy of a MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2) extract led to the isolation and identification of five compounds i.e. 1-α-linolenoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl-sn- glycerol (1), 1-linoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol (2), stigmasterol (3), palmitic acid (4), and salvigenin (5). Notably, compounds 3 and 5 were tested on T. brucei, with the latter being five-fold more active than the MarrInc-CH(2)Cl(2) extract (IC(50) = 5.41 ± 0.85 and 28 ± 1.4 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the SI for salvigenin was >18.5, showing a preferential effect on target cells compared with the dichloromethane extract (>3.6). Conversely, stigmasterol was found to be inactive. To complete the work, also the more polar MarrInc-EtOH extract was analyzed, giving evidence for the presence of 2″-O-allopyranosyl-cosmosiin (6), verbascoside (7), and samioside (8). Our findings shed light on the phytochemistry of this overlooked species and its antiprotozoal potential, providing evidence for the promising role of flavonoids such as salvigenin for the treatment of protozoal diseases. MDPI 2020-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7397158/ /pubmed/32660058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143140 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Frezza, Claudio Venditti, Alessandro Bianco, Armandodoriano Serafini, Mauro Pitorri, Massimo Sciubba, Fabio Di Cocco, Maria Enrica Spinozzi, Eleonora Cappellacci, Loredana Hofer, Anders Maggi, Filippo Petrelli, Riccardo Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr. |
title | Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr. |
title_full | Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr. |
title_fullStr | Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr. |
title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr. |
title_short | Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr. |
title_sort | phytochemical analysis and trypanocidal activity of marrubium incanum desr. |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397158/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143140 |
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