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Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Changes in the levels of reproductive hormones compromise the bovine innate immune response (IIR). Changes in 17β-estradiol (E2) and prolactin (bPRL) levels affect the IIR of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs), the target tissue of these hormones. In this work, we explored the effect of the com...

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Autores principales: Salgado-Lora, María Guadalupe, Medina-Estrada, Ivan, López-Meza, Joel Edmundo, Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7399903/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32605209
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070520
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author Salgado-Lora, María Guadalupe
Medina-Estrada, Ivan
López-Meza, Joel Edmundo
Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
author_facet Salgado-Lora, María Guadalupe
Medina-Estrada, Ivan
López-Meza, Joel Edmundo
Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
author_sort Salgado-Lora, María Guadalupe
collection PubMed
description Changes in the levels of reproductive hormones compromise the bovine innate immune response (IIR). Changes in 17β-estradiol (E2) and prolactin (bPRL) levels affect the IIR of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs), the target tissue of these hormones. In this work, we explored the effect of the combined hormones on bMEC IIR during Staphylococcus aureus infection, and if they can modulate epigenetic marks. By gentamicin protection assays, we determined that combined hormones (bPRL (5 ng/mL) and E2 (50 pg/mL)] decrease S. aureus internalization into bMECs (~50%), which was associated with a reduction in integrin α5β1 membrane abundance (MA) (~80%) determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, combined hormones increased Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) MA (~25%). By RT-qPCR, we showed that combined hormones induce the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, as well as up-regulate antimicrobial peptide gene expression. The combined hormones induced H3K9Ac at 12 h of treatment, which coincides with the reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC, ~15%) activity. In addition, hormones increased the H3K9me2 mark at 12 h, which correlates with a reduction in the expression of KDM4A. In conclusion, bPRL and E2 modulate the IIR of bMECs, an effect that can be related to the regulation of histone H3 modifications such as H3K9Ac and H3K9me2.
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spelling pubmed-73999032020-08-17 Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Salgado-Lora, María Guadalupe Medina-Estrada, Ivan López-Meza, Joel Edmundo Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra Pathogens Article Changes in the levels of reproductive hormones compromise the bovine innate immune response (IIR). Changes in 17β-estradiol (E2) and prolactin (bPRL) levels affect the IIR of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs), the target tissue of these hormones. In this work, we explored the effect of the combined hormones on bMEC IIR during Staphylococcus aureus infection, and if they can modulate epigenetic marks. By gentamicin protection assays, we determined that combined hormones (bPRL (5 ng/mL) and E2 (50 pg/mL)] decrease S. aureus internalization into bMECs (~50%), which was associated with a reduction in integrin α5β1 membrane abundance (MA) (~80%) determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, combined hormones increased Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) MA (~25%). By RT-qPCR, we showed that combined hormones induce the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, as well as up-regulate antimicrobial peptide gene expression. The combined hormones induced H3K9Ac at 12 h of treatment, which coincides with the reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC, ~15%) activity. In addition, hormones increased the H3K9me2 mark at 12 h, which correlates with a reduction in the expression of KDM4A. In conclusion, bPRL and E2 modulate the IIR of bMECs, an effect that can be related to the regulation of histone H3 modifications such as H3K9Ac and H3K9me2. MDPI 2020-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7399903/ /pubmed/32605209 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070520 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Salgado-Lora, María Guadalupe
Medina-Estrada, Ivan
López-Meza, Joel Edmundo
Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
title Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
title_full Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
title_fullStr Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
title_short Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
title_sort prolactin and estradiol are epigenetic modulators in bovine mammary epithelial cells during staphylococcus aureus infection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7399903/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32605209
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070520
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