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Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy)
Evaluation of hygienic aspects of thermal mud microbiology is still neglected. This study evaluates the microbiological hygiene quality of thermal muds, providing a comprehensive assessment of the whole mud cultivation chain. Maturing mud, peloid and used mud samples were collected twice in a year f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145040 |
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author | Baldovin, Tatjana Amoruso, Irene Caldara, Fabrizio Buja, Alessandra Baldo, Vincenzo Cocchio, Silvia Bertoncello, Chiara |
author_facet | Baldovin, Tatjana Amoruso, Irene Caldara, Fabrizio Buja, Alessandra Baldo, Vincenzo Cocchio, Silvia Bertoncello, Chiara |
author_sort | Baldovin, Tatjana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Evaluation of hygienic aspects of thermal mud microbiology is still neglected. This study evaluates the microbiological hygiene quality of thermal muds, providing a comprehensive assessment of the whole mud cultivation chain. Maturing mud, peloid and used mud samples were collected twice in a year from 30 SPAs of the Euganean Thermal District, NE Italy. Samples were processed with an ad hoc laboratory method. The following indicator parameters were assessed: Total Count at 22, 37 and 55 °C; total coliforms; Escherichia coli; enterococci; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; sulfite-reducing clostridia; dermatophytes. Statistical significance of differences between the two sampling campaigns and correlation between temperature and indicator parameters were evaluated. One-hundred eighty samples were analyzed. Widespread presence of environmental species was found, as well as hints of possible microorganism transfer from the patient’s skin to the mud. Proper setting of thermal water temperature resulted critical, in terms of hygienic quality. Although optimal maturation should be granted (thermal water at 30–42 °C), a pasteurization step at 60–65 °C is strongly recommended to sanitize peloids before pelotherapy. Facilities re-using thermal muds should also implement a regeneration step at ≥65 °C. Core evaluation of thermal mud hygienic quality could encompass the following guidelines: absence (i.e., 0 colony forming units (CFU)/g) of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and dermatophytes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7400087 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74000872020-08-23 Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy) Baldovin, Tatjana Amoruso, Irene Caldara, Fabrizio Buja, Alessandra Baldo, Vincenzo Cocchio, Silvia Bertoncello, Chiara Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Evaluation of hygienic aspects of thermal mud microbiology is still neglected. This study evaluates the microbiological hygiene quality of thermal muds, providing a comprehensive assessment of the whole mud cultivation chain. Maturing mud, peloid and used mud samples were collected twice in a year from 30 SPAs of the Euganean Thermal District, NE Italy. Samples were processed with an ad hoc laboratory method. The following indicator parameters were assessed: Total Count at 22, 37 and 55 °C; total coliforms; Escherichia coli; enterococci; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; sulfite-reducing clostridia; dermatophytes. Statistical significance of differences between the two sampling campaigns and correlation between temperature and indicator parameters were evaluated. One-hundred eighty samples were analyzed. Widespread presence of environmental species was found, as well as hints of possible microorganism transfer from the patient’s skin to the mud. Proper setting of thermal water temperature resulted critical, in terms of hygienic quality. Although optimal maturation should be granted (thermal water at 30–42 °C), a pasteurization step at 60–65 °C is strongly recommended to sanitize peloids before pelotherapy. Facilities re-using thermal muds should also implement a regeneration step at ≥65 °C. Core evaluation of thermal mud hygienic quality could encompass the following guidelines: absence (i.e., 0 colony forming units (CFU)/g) of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and dermatophytes. MDPI 2020-07-13 2020-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7400087/ /pubmed/32668799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145040 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Baldovin, Tatjana Amoruso, Irene Caldara, Fabrizio Buja, Alessandra Baldo, Vincenzo Cocchio, Silvia Bertoncello, Chiara Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy) |
title | Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy) |
title_full | Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy) |
title_fullStr | Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy) |
title_full_unstemmed | Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy) |
title_short | Microbiological Hygiene Quality of Thermal Muds: A Pilot Study in Pelotherapy Facilities of the Euganean Thermal District (NE Italy) |
title_sort | microbiological hygiene quality of thermal muds: a pilot study in pelotherapy facilities of the euganean thermal district (ne italy) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145040 |
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