Cargando…

Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages

Cryptococcus neoformans, a life-threatening human yeast pathogen, has the ability to produce melanin, which is one of the common virulence factors contributing to cryptococcal pathogenesis. This virulence factor is closely associated with the cryptococcal cell wall, specifically chitin and chitosan...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mamoon, Ketsaya, Thammasit, Patcharin, Iadnut, Anupon, Kitidee, Kuntida, Anukool, Usanee, Tragoolpua, Yingmanee, Tragoolpua, Khajornsak
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709077
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070420
_version_ 1783566372714840064
author Mamoon, Ketsaya
Thammasit, Patcharin
Iadnut, Anupon
Kitidee, Kuntida
Anukool, Usanee
Tragoolpua, Yingmanee
Tragoolpua, Khajornsak
author_facet Mamoon, Ketsaya
Thammasit, Patcharin
Iadnut, Anupon
Kitidee, Kuntida
Anukool, Usanee
Tragoolpua, Yingmanee
Tragoolpua, Khajornsak
author_sort Mamoon, Ketsaya
collection PubMed
description Cryptococcus neoformans, a life-threatening human yeast pathogen, has the ability to produce melanin, which is one of the common virulence factors contributing to cryptococcal pathogenesis. This virulence factor is closely associated with the cryptococcal cell wall, specifically chitin and chitosan polysaccharides, a complex structure that is essential for maintaining cellular structure and integrity. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of two stingless bee (SLB) propolis from Tetragonula laeviceps and Tetrigona melanoleuca against cell wall-associated melanin in C. neoformans, and its immune response in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The ethanolic extract of SLB propolis (EEP) has strongly exhibited anti-cryptococcal activity. Moreover, EEP from both sources reduced chitin/chitosan and melanin production against C. neoformans in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, the mRNA expression level of CDA1, IPC1-PKC1 and LAC1 genes involved in the cryptococcal melanization pathway was significantly decreased at 2 mg/mL in EEP treatment. Additionally, pretreatment with EEP prior to yeast infection dramatically reduced intracellular replication of C. neoformans in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This study might be a new insight to use a natural powerful source, not only acting to target cell wall-associated molecules, but also being capable to explore a novel strategy by which dysregulation of these molecules leads to promote immunomodulatory activity.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7400477
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-74004772020-08-07 Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages Mamoon, Ketsaya Thammasit, Patcharin Iadnut, Anupon Kitidee, Kuntida Anukool, Usanee Tragoolpua, Yingmanee Tragoolpua, Khajornsak Antibiotics (Basel) Article Cryptococcus neoformans, a life-threatening human yeast pathogen, has the ability to produce melanin, which is one of the common virulence factors contributing to cryptococcal pathogenesis. This virulence factor is closely associated with the cryptococcal cell wall, specifically chitin and chitosan polysaccharides, a complex structure that is essential for maintaining cellular structure and integrity. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of two stingless bee (SLB) propolis from Tetragonula laeviceps and Tetrigona melanoleuca against cell wall-associated melanin in C. neoformans, and its immune response in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The ethanolic extract of SLB propolis (EEP) has strongly exhibited anti-cryptococcal activity. Moreover, EEP from both sources reduced chitin/chitosan and melanin production against C. neoformans in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, the mRNA expression level of CDA1, IPC1-PKC1 and LAC1 genes involved in the cryptococcal melanization pathway was significantly decreased at 2 mg/mL in EEP treatment. Additionally, pretreatment with EEP prior to yeast infection dramatically reduced intracellular replication of C. neoformans in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This study might be a new insight to use a natural powerful source, not only acting to target cell wall-associated molecules, but also being capable to explore a novel strategy by which dysregulation of these molecules leads to promote immunomodulatory activity. MDPI 2020-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7400477/ /pubmed/32709077 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070420 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mamoon, Ketsaya
Thammasit, Patcharin
Iadnut, Anupon
Kitidee, Kuntida
Anukool, Usanee
Tragoolpua, Yingmanee
Tragoolpua, Khajornsak
Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages
title Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages
title_full Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages
title_fullStr Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages
title_short Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages
title_sort unveiling the properties of thai stingless bee propolis via diminishing cell wall-associated cryptococcal melanin and enhancing the fungicidal activity of macrophages
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709077
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070420
work_keys_str_mv AT mamoonketsaya unveilingthepropertiesofthaistinglessbeepropolisviadiminishingcellwallassociatedcryptococcalmelaninandenhancingthefungicidalactivityofmacrophages
AT thammasitpatcharin unveilingthepropertiesofthaistinglessbeepropolisviadiminishingcellwallassociatedcryptococcalmelaninandenhancingthefungicidalactivityofmacrophages
AT iadnutanupon unveilingthepropertiesofthaistinglessbeepropolisviadiminishingcellwallassociatedcryptococcalmelaninandenhancingthefungicidalactivityofmacrophages
AT kitideekuntida unveilingthepropertiesofthaistinglessbeepropolisviadiminishingcellwallassociatedcryptococcalmelaninandenhancingthefungicidalactivityofmacrophages
AT anukoolusanee unveilingthepropertiesofthaistinglessbeepropolisviadiminishingcellwallassociatedcryptococcalmelaninandenhancingthefungicidalactivityofmacrophages
AT tragoolpuayingmanee unveilingthepropertiesofthaistinglessbeepropolisviadiminishingcellwallassociatedcryptococcalmelaninandenhancingthefungicidalactivityofmacrophages
AT tragoolpuakhajornsak unveilingthepropertiesofthaistinglessbeepropolisviadiminishingcellwallassociatedcryptococcalmelaninandenhancingthefungicidalactivityofmacrophages