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Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review

Gonadoblastoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm which belongs to “germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor” category. This tumor is frequently associated with invasive germ cell malignancy. It commonly arises in dysgenetic gonads of young individuals who are phenotypically females but possess 46XY karyotype. It h...

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Autores principales: Raafey, Muhammad Abdur, Abdulwaasey, Muhammad, Fatima, Syeda Samia, Uddin, Zeeshan, Tariq, Muhammad Usman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7402429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775072
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8990
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author Raafey, Muhammad Abdur
Abdulwaasey, Muhammad
Fatima, Syeda Samia
Uddin, Zeeshan
Tariq, Muhammad Usman
author_facet Raafey, Muhammad Abdur
Abdulwaasey, Muhammad
Fatima, Syeda Samia
Uddin, Zeeshan
Tariq, Muhammad Usman
author_sort Raafey, Muhammad Abdur
collection PubMed
description Gonadoblastoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm which belongs to “germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor” category. This tumor is frequently associated with invasive germ cell malignancy. It commonly arises in dysgenetic gonads of young individuals who are phenotypically females but possess 46XY karyotype. It has been rarely reported in females with normal phenotype and genotype. We herein describe a case of 10-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fever. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed bilateral ovarian masses, ascites and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were also elevated. She underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy, right ovarian biopsy, omentectomy and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Microscopically, tumor showed in situ and invasive components. In situ component was arranged in nests and lobules formed by immature sertoli cells forming acini and encircling large polygonal primitive germ cells. Immature sertoli cells were positive for immunohitochemical (IHC) stains cytokeratin AE1/AE3, inhibin and calretinin, while germ cells were positive for SALL4, Oct 3/4, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and CD117. Invasive component was arranged in sheets of large-sized, polygonal-shaped primitive germ cells which were also positive for SALL4, Oct 3/4, PLAP and CD117 IHC stains. Hence, the diagnosis of “gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma” was made. The tumor was limited to both ovaries. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood revealed normal female 46XX karyotype. The patient received two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and was then lost to follow-up. We conclude that gonadoblastoma, although rare, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in ovarian tumors of young females. Invasive germ cell component should always be carefully searched for as it guides about treatment and predicts prognosis.
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spelling pubmed-74024292020-08-06 Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review Raafey, Muhammad Abdur Abdulwaasey, Muhammad Fatima, Syeda Samia Uddin, Zeeshan Tariq, Muhammad Usman Cureus Obstetrics/Gynecology Gonadoblastoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm which belongs to “germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor” category. This tumor is frequently associated with invasive germ cell malignancy. It commonly arises in dysgenetic gonads of young individuals who are phenotypically females but possess 46XY karyotype. It has been rarely reported in females with normal phenotype and genotype. We herein describe a case of 10-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fever. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed bilateral ovarian masses, ascites and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were also elevated. She underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy, right ovarian biopsy, omentectomy and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Microscopically, tumor showed in situ and invasive components. In situ component was arranged in nests and lobules formed by immature sertoli cells forming acini and encircling large polygonal primitive germ cells. Immature sertoli cells were positive for immunohitochemical (IHC) stains cytokeratin AE1/AE3, inhibin and calretinin, while germ cells were positive for SALL4, Oct 3/4, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and CD117. Invasive component was arranged in sheets of large-sized, polygonal-shaped primitive germ cells which were also positive for SALL4, Oct 3/4, PLAP and CD117 IHC stains. Hence, the diagnosis of “gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma” was made. The tumor was limited to both ovaries. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood revealed normal female 46XX karyotype. The patient received two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and was then lost to follow-up. We conclude that gonadoblastoma, although rare, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in ovarian tumors of young females. Invasive germ cell component should always be carefully searched for as it guides about treatment and predicts prognosis. Cureus 2020-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7402429/ /pubmed/32775072 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8990 Text en Copyright © 2020, Raafey et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Obstetrics/Gynecology
Raafey, Muhammad Abdur
Abdulwaasey, Muhammad
Fatima, Syeda Samia
Uddin, Zeeshan
Tariq, Muhammad Usman
Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review
title Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review
title_full Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review
title_fullStr Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review
title_short Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review
title_sort bilateral gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a phenotypically normal female with 46xx karyotype: report of a rare case and literature review
topic Obstetrics/Gynecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7402429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775072
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8990
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