Retropharyngeal hematoma secondary to cervical hyperextension in a minor collision trauma presenting with dyspnoea: A case report

RATIONALE: Massive retropharyngeal hematoma secondary to a minor blunt trauma is rare and easy to be missed in emergency settings due to the absence of visible tissue injury, especially in young patients. However, missing this pathology is dangerous and can result in airway obstruction and even death. Therefore, an effective diagnostic strategy must be developed and thoroughly performed to minimize missed retropharyngeal hematoma. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 49-year-old man with a brief cervical hyperextension secondary to a minor collision presented with mild respiratory discomfort. No externally visible injuries were found; however, dyspnea was persistent and aggravating. DIAGNOSIS: Lateral neck X-ray, neck computed tomography, and spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge retropharyngeal hematoma obstructing the upper airway, without any severe fracture or ligament injury. INTERVENTIONS: An emergent orotracheal intubation followed by imaging studies was performed to resolve the aggravating dyspnea. Neck exploration surgery was immediately performed for rapid absorption of the hematoma, bleeding control, and identification of the reason of the pathology. OUTCOMES: The surgery was successful, and the patient was discharged without any postoperative sequelae on the 30(th) postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Retropharyngeal hematoma that develops in young patients without visible injuries or severe symptoms after a minor trauma can easily go undetected. Although most hematomas under observation resolve spontaneously, the retropharyngeal hematomas missed at initial assessment may result in critical complications. High level of suspicion, repeated neck CT, and thorough tertiary survey in emergency rooms are helpful in avoiding missed life-threatening retropharyngeal hematoma.