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The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China
BACKGROUND: More than 2 months have passed since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China. With the migration of people, the epidemic has rapidly spread within China and throughout the world. Due to the severity of the epidemic, undiscovered transmission of COVID-1...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7403788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32758198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09296-y |
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author | Xie, Chaojun Zhao, Hongjun Li, Kuibiao Zhang, Zhoubin Lu, Xiaoxiao Peng, Huide Wang, Dahu Chen, Jin Zhang, Xiao Wu, Di Gu, Yuzhou Yuan, Jun Zhang, Lin Lu, Jiachun |
author_facet | Xie, Chaojun Zhao, Hongjun Li, Kuibiao Zhang, Zhoubin Lu, Xiaoxiao Peng, Huide Wang, Dahu Chen, Jin Zhang, Xiao Wu, Di Gu, Yuzhou Yuan, Jun Zhang, Lin Lu, Jiachun |
author_sort | Xie, Chaojun |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: More than 2 months have passed since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China. With the migration of people, the epidemic has rapidly spread within China and throughout the world. Due to the severity of the epidemic, undiscovered transmission of COVID-19 deserves further investigation. The aim of our study hypothesized possible modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and how the virus may have spread between two family clusters within a residential building in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we monitored and traced confirmed patients and their close contacts from January 11 to February 5, 2020 in Guangzhou, China, including 2 family cluster cases and 61 residents within one residential building. The environmental samples of the building and the throat swabs from the patients and from their related individuals were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and tested with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The relevant information was collected and reported using big data tools. RESULTS: There were two notable family cluster cases in Guangzhou, which included 3 confirmed patients (family No.1: patient A, B, C) and 2 confirmed patients (family No.2: patient D, E), respectively. None of patients had contact with other confirmed patients before the onset of symptoms, and only patient A and patient B made a short stop in Wuhan by train. Home environment inspection results showed that the door handle of family No.1 was positive of SARS-CoV-2. The close contacts of the 5 patients all tested negative of SARS-CoV-2 and in good health, and therefore were released after the official medical observation period of 14-days. Finally, according to the traceability investigation through applying big data analysis, we found an epidemiological association between family No.1 and family No.2, in which patient D (family No.2) was infected through touching an elevator button contaminated by snot with virus from patient A (family No.1) on the same day. CONCLUSIONS: Contaminants with virus from confirmed patients can pollute the environment of public places, and the virus can survive on the surface of objects for a short period of time. Therefore, in addition to the conventional droplet transmission, there is also indirect contact transmission such as snot-oral transmission that plays a crucial role in community spread of the virus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7403788 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74037882020-08-05 The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China Xie, Chaojun Zhao, Hongjun Li, Kuibiao Zhang, Zhoubin Lu, Xiaoxiao Peng, Huide Wang, Dahu Chen, Jin Zhang, Xiao Wu, Di Gu, Yuzhou Yuan, Jun Zhang, Lin Lu, Jiachun BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: More than 2 months have passed since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China. With the migration of people, the epidemic has rapidly spread within China and throughout the world. Due to the severity of the epidemic, undiscovered transmission of COVID-19 deserves further investigation. The aim of our study hypothesized possible modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and how the virus may have spread between two family clusters within a residential building in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we monitored and traced confirmed patients and their close contacts from January 11 to February 5, 2020 in Guangzhou, China, including 2 family cluster cases and 61 residents within one residential building. The environmental samples of the building and the throat swabs from the patients and from their related individuals were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and tested with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The relevant information was collected and reported using big data tools. RESULTS: There were two notable family cluster cases in Guangzhou, which included 3 confirmed patients (family No.1: patient A, B, C) and 2 confirmed patients (family No.2: patient D, E), respectively. None of patients had contact with other confirmed patients before the onset of symptoms, and only patient A and patient B made a short stop in Wuhan by train. Home environment inspection results showed that the door handle of family No.1 was positive of SARS-CoV-2. The close contacts of the 5 patients all tested negative of SARS-CoV-2 and in good health, and therefore were released after the official medical observation period of 14-days. Finally, according to the traceability investigation through applying big data analysis, we found an epidemiological association between family No.1 and family No.2, in which patient D (family No.2) was infected through touching an elevator button contaminated by snot with virus from patient A (family No.1) on the same day. CONCLUSIONS: Contaminants with virus from confirmed patients can pollute the environment of public places, and the virus can survive on the surface of objects for a short period of time. Therefore, in addition to the conventional droplet transmission, there is also indirect contact transmission such as snot-oral transmission that plays a crucial role in community spread of the virus. BioMed Central 2020-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7403788/ /pubmed/32758198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09296-y Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Xie, Chaojun Zhao, Hongjun Li, Kuibiao Zhang, Zhoubin Lu, Xiaoxiao Peng, Huide Wang, Dahu Chen, Jin Zhang, Xiao Wu, Di Gu, Yuzhou Yuan, Jun Zhang, Lin Lu, Jiachun The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China |
title | The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China |
title_full | The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China |
title_fullStr | The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China |
title_full_unstemmed | The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China |
title_short | The evidence of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in Guangzhou, China |
title_sort | evidence of indirect transmission of sars-cov-2 reported in guangzhou, china |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7403788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32758198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09296-y |
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