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COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
Coronavirus 2 (CoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is causing a highly infectious pandemic pneumonia. Coronaviruses are positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect several animal species, causing symptoms that range from those similar to the common cold to severe respirator...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404132/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145145 |
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author | Fierabracci, Alessandra Arena, Andrea Rossi, Paolo |
author_facet | Fierabracci, Alessandra Arena, Andrea Rossi, Paolo |
author_sort | Fierabracci, Alessandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coronavirus 2 (CoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is causing a highly infectious pandemic pneumonia. Coronaviruses are positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect several animal species, causing symptoms that range from those similar to the common cold to severe respiratory syndrome. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the SARS-CoV2 functional receptor. Measures are currently undertaken worldwide to control the infection to avoid disruption of the social and economic equilibrium, especially in countries with poor healthcare resources. In a guarded optimistic view, we hope that the undertaken preventive and treatment measures will at least contribute to contain viral diffusion, attenuate activity, or even eliminate SARS-CoV2. In this review, we discuss emerging perspectives for prevention/treatment of COVID-19 infection. In addition to vaccines under development, passive immunization is an open opportunity since patients develop neutralizing antibodies. A full spectrum of potential drugs for COVID-19 infections could in turn affect virus binding or enzymatic activities involved in viral replication and transcription. Furthermore, clinical trials are currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as tocilizumab. Bioinformatics may allow characterization of specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses; thus, CoV2 T cells’ frequency can be correlated with the disease severity and outcome. Combinatorial antibody phage display may be empowered to identify the immune repertoire of CoV2-specific neutralizing antibodies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7404132 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74041322020-08-11 COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis Fierabracci, Alessandra Arena, Andrea Rossi, Paolo Int J Mol Sci Review Coronavirus 2 (CoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is causing a highly infectious pandemic pneumonia. Coronaviruses are positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect several animal species, causing symptoms that range from those similar to the common cold to severe respiratory syndrome. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the SARS-CoV2 functional receptor. Measures are currently undertaken worldwide to control the infection to avoid disruption of the social and economic equilibrium, especially in countries with poor healthcare resources. In a guarded optimistic view, we hope that the undertaken preventive and treatment measures will at least contribute to contain viral diffusion, attenuate activity, or even eliminate SARS-CoV2. In this review, we discuss emerging perspectives for prevention/treatment of COVID-19 infection. In addition to vaccines under development, passive immunization is an open opportunity since patients develop neutralizing antibodies. A full spectrum of potential drugs for COVID-19 infections could in turn affect virus binding or enzymatic activities involved in viral replication and transcription. Furthermore, clinical trials are currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as tocilizumab. Bioinformatics may allow characterization of specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses; thus, CoV2 T cells’ frequency can be correlated with the disease severity and outcome. Combinatorial antibody phage display may be empowered to identify the immune repertoire of CoV2-specific neutralizing antibodies. MDPI 2020-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7404132/ /pubmed/32708112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145145 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Fierabracci, Alessandra Arena, Andrea Rossi, Paolo COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis |
title | COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis |
title_full | COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis |
title_fullStr | COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis |
title_short | COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis |
title_sort | covid-19: a review on diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404132/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145145 |
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