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Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression...

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Autores principales: Blasiak, Janusz, Pawlowska, Elzbieta, Chojnacki, Jan, Szczepanska, Joanna, Chojnacki, Cezary, Kaarniranta, Kai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404247/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32679798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144994
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author Blasiak, Janusz
Pawlowska, Elzbieta
Chojnacki, Jan
Szczepanska, Joanna
Chojnacki, Cezary
Kaarniranta, Kai
author_facet Blasiak, Janusz
Pawlowska, Elzbieta
Chojnacki, Jan
Szczepanska, Joanna
Chojnacki, Cezary
Kaarniranta, Kai
author_sort Blasiak, Janusz
collection PubMed
description Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD.
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spelling pubmed-74042472020-08-11 Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Blasiak, Janusz Pawlowska, Elzbieta Chojnacki, Jan Szczepanska, Joanna Chojnacki, Cezary Kaarniranta, Kai Int J Mol Sci Review Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD. MDPI 2020-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7404247/ /pubmed/32679798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144994 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Blasiak, Janusz
Pawlowska, Elzbieta
Chojnacki, Jan
Szczepanska, Joanna
Chojnacki, Cezary
Kaarniranta, Kai
Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_full Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_fullStr Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_full_unstemmed Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_short Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_sort zinc and autophagy in age-related macular degeneration
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404247/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32679798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144994
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