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Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32679798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144994 |
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author | Blasiak, Janusz Pawlowska, Elzbieta Chojnacki, Jan Szczepanska, Joanna Chojnacki, Cezary Kaarniranta, Kai |
author_facet | Blasiak, Janusz Pawlowska, Elzbieta Chojnacki, Jan Szczepanska, Joanna Chojnacki, Cezary Kaarniranta, Kai |
author_sort | Blasiak, Janusz |
collection | PubMed |
description | Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7404247 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74042472020-08-11 Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Blasiak, Janusz Pawlowska, Elzbieta Chojnacki, Jan Szczepanska, Joanna Chojnacki, Cezary Kaarniranta, Kai Int J Mol Sci Review Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD. MDPI 2020-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7404247/ /pubmed/32679798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144994 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Blasiak, Janusz Pawlowska, Elzbieta Chojnacki, Jan Szczepanska, Joanna Chojnacki, Cezary Kaarniranta, Kai Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title | Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_full | Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_fullStr | Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_full_unstemmed | Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_short | Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_sort | zinc and autophagy in age-related macular degeneration |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32679798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144994 |
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