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Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases

Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders in which heart muscle is structurally and/or functionally abnormal. Previously, structural cardiomyocyte disorders due to adrenal diseases, such as hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, and hypercatecholaminism, were misunderstood, and endomyocardial biopsy...

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Autores principales: Petramala, Luigi, Concistrè, Antonio, Olmati, Federica, Saracino, Vincenza, Chimenti, Cristina, Frustaci, Andrea, Russo, Matteo A., Letizia, Claudio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709015
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145047
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author Petramala, Luigi
Concistrè, Antonio
Olmati, Federica
Saracino, Vincenza
Chimenti, Cristina
Frustaci, Andrea
Russo, Matteo A.
Letizia, Claudio
author_facet Petramala, Luigi
Concistrè, Antonio
Olmati, Federica
Saracino, Vincenza
Chimenti, Cristina
Frustaci, Andrea
Russo, Matteo A.
Letizia, Claudio
author_sort Petramala, Luigi
collection PubMed
description Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders in which heart muscle is structurally and/or functionally abnormal. Previously, structural cardiomyocyte disorders due to adrenal diseases, such as hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, and hypercatecholaminism, were misunderstood, and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was not performed because was considered dangerous and too invasive. Recent data confirm that, if performed in experienced centers, EMB is a safe technique and gives precious information about physiopathological processes implied in clinical abnormalities in patients with different systemic disturbances. In this review, we illustrate the most important features in patients affected by primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing’s syndrome (CS), and pheochromocytoma (PHEO). Then, we critically describe microscopic and ultrastructural aspects that have emerged from the newest EMB studies. In PA, the autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone induces the alteration of ion and water homeostasis, intracellular vacuolization, and swelling; interstitial oedema could be a peculiar feature of myocardial toxicity. In CS, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myofibrillolysis could be related to higher expression of atrogin-1. Finally, in PHEO, the hypercontraction of myofilaments with the formation of contraction bands and occasional cellular necrosis has been observed. We expect to clear the role of EMB in patients with cardiomyopathies and adrenal disease, and we believe EMB is a valid tool to implement new management and therapies.
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spelling pubmed-74043062020-08-18 Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases Petramala, Luigi Concistrè, Antonio Olmati, Federica Saracino, Vincenza Chimenti, Cristina Frustaci, Andrea Russo, Matteo A. Letizia, Claudio Int J Mol Sci Review Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders in which heart muscle is structurally and/or functionally abnormal. Previously, structural cardiomyocyte disorders due to adrenal diseases, such as hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, and hypercatecholaminism, were misunderstood, and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was not performed because was considered dangerous and too invasive. Recent data confirm that, if performed in experienced centers, EMB is a safe technique and gives precious information about physiopathological processes implied in clinical abnormalities in patients with different systemic disturbances. In this review, we illustrate the most important features in patients affected by primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing’s syndrome (CS), and pheochromocytoma (PHEO). Then, we critically describe microscopic and ultrastructural aspects that have emerged from the newest EMB studies. In PA, the autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone induces the alteration of ion and water homeostasis, intracellular vacuolization, and swelling; interstitial oedema could be a peculiar feature of myocardial toxicity. In CS, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myofibrillolysis could be related to higher expression of atrogin-1. Finally, in PHEO, the hypercontraction of myofilaments with the formation of contraction bands and occasional cellular necrosis has been observed. We expect to clear the role of EMB in patients with cardiomyopathies and adrenal disease, and we believe EMB is a valid tool to implement new management and therapies. MDPI 2020-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7404306/ /pubmed/32709015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145047 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Petramala, Luigi
Concistrè, Antonio
Olmati, Federica
Saracino, Vincenza
Chimenti, Cristina
Frustaci, Andrea
Russo, Matteo A.
Letizia, Claudio
Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases
title Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases
title_full Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases
title_fullStr Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases
title_short Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases
title_sort cardiomyopathies and adrenal diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709015
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145047
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