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Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response

PURPOSE: Stress is associated with subjective and objective sleep disturbances; however, it is not known whether stress disrupts sleep and relevant physiological markers of stress immediately after it is experienced. The present study examined whether demand, in the form of cognitive tasks, disrupte...

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Autores principales: Elder, Greg J, Wetherell, Mark A, Pollet, Thomas V, Barclay, Nicola L, Ellis, Jason G
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7406359/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32801979
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S231484
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author Elder, Greg J
Wetherell, Mark A
Pollet, Thomas V
Barclay, Nicola L
Ellis, Jason G
author_facet Elder, Greg J
Wetherell, Mark A
Pollet, Thomas V
Barclay, Nicola L
Ellis, Jason G
author_sort Elder, Greg J
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Stress is associated with subjective and objective sleep disturbances; however, it is not known whether stress disrupts sleep and relevant physiological markers of stress immediately after it is experienced. The present study examined whether demand, in the form of cognitive tasks, disrupted sleep and the cortisol awakening response (CAR), depending on whether it was experienced or just anticipated. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Subjective and objective sleep was measured in 22 healthy adults on three nights (Nights 0–2) in a sleep laboratory using sleep diaries and polysomnography. Saliva samples were obtained at awakening, +15, +30, +45 and +60 minutes on each subsequent day (Day 1–3) and CAR measurement indices were derived: awakening cortisol levels, the mean increase in cortisol levels (MnInc) and total cortisol secretion (AUC(G)). On Night 1, participants were informed that they were required to complete a series of demanding cognitive tasks within the sleep laboratory during the following day. Participants completed the tasks as expected or unexpectedly performed sedentary activities. RESULTS: Compared to the no-demand group, the demand group displayed significantly higher levels of state anxiety immediately completing the first task. There were no subsequent differences between the demand and no-demand groups in Night 2 subjective sleep continuity, objective sleep continuity or architecture, or on any Day 3 CAR measure. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that sleep and the CAR are not differentially affected depending on whether or not an anticipated stressor is then experienced. This provides further evidence to indicate that the CAR is a marker of anticipation and not recovery. In order to disrupt sleep, a stressor may need to be personally relevant or of a prolonged duration or intensity.
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spelling pubmed-74063592020-08-14 Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response Elder, Greg J Wetherell, Mark A Pollet, Thomas V Barclay, Nicola L Ellis, Jason G Nat Sci Sleep Original Research PURPOSE: Stress is associated with subjective and objective sleep disturbances; however, it is not known whether stress disrupts sleep and relevant physiological markers of stress immediately after it is experienced. The present study examined whether demand, in the form of cognitive tasks, disrupted sleep and the cortisol awakening response (CAR), depending on whether it was experienced or just anticipated. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Subjective and objective sleep was measured in 22 healthy adults on three nights (Nights 0–2) in a sleep laboratory using sleep diaries and polysomnography. Saliva samples were obtained at awakening, +15, +30, +45 and +60 minutes on each subsequent day (Day 1–3) and CAR measurement indices were derived: awakening cortisol levels, the mean increase in cortisol levels (MnInc) and total cortisol secretion (AUC(G)). On Night 1, participants were informed that they were required to complete a series of demanding cognitive tasks within the sleep laboratory during the following day. Participants completed the tasks as expected or unexpectedly performed sedentary activities. RESULTS: Compared to the no-demand group, the demand group displayed significantly higher levels of state anxiety immediately completing the first task. There were no subsequent differences between the demand and no-demand groups in Night 2 subjective sleep continuity, objective sleep continuity or architecture, or on any Day 3 CAR measure. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that sleep and the CAR are not differentially affected depending on whether or not an anticipated stressor is then experienced. This provides further evidence to indicate that the CAR is a marker of anticipation and not recovery. In order to disrupt sleep, a stressor may need to be personally relevant or of a prolonged duration or intensity. Dove 2020-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7406359/ /pubmed/32801979 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S231484 Text en © 2020 Elder et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Elder, Greg J
Wetherell, Mark A
Pollet, Thomas V
Barclay, Nicola L
Ellis, Jason G
Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response
title Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response
title_full Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response
title_fullStr Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response
title_full_unstemmed Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response
title_short Experienced Demand Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep and the Cortisol Awakening Response
title_sort experienced demand does not affect subsequent sleep and the cortisol awakening response
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7406359/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32801979
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S231484
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