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Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals

We present a wearable device built on an Adafruit Circuit Playground Express (CPE) board and integrated with a photoplethysmographic (PPG) optical sensor for heart rate monitoring and multiple embedded sensors for medical applications—in particular, sleep physiological signal monitoring. Our device...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Liao, Lun-De, Wang, Yuhling, Tsao, Yung-Chung, Wang, I-Jan, Jhang, De-Fu, Chuang, Chiung-Cheng, Chen, Sheng-Fu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7407184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32664268
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070672
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author Liao, Lun-De
Wang, Yuhling
Tsao, Yung-Chung
Wang, I-Jan
Jhang, De-Fu
Chuang, Chiung-Cheng
Chen, Sheng-Fu
author_facet Liao, Lun-De
Wang, Yuhling
Tsao, Yung-Chung
Wang, I-Jan
Jhang, De-Fu
Chuang, Chiung-Cheng
Chen, Sheng-Fu
author_sort Liao, Lun-De
collection PubMed
description We present a wearable device built on an Adafruit Circuit Playground Express (CPE) board and integrated with a photoplethysmographic (PPG) optical sensor for heart rate monitoring and multiple embedded sensors for medical applications—in particular, sleep physiological signal monitoring. Our device is portable and lightweight. Due to the microcontroller unit (MCU)-based architecture of the proposed device, it is scalable and flexible. Thus, with the addition of different plug-and-play sensors, it can be used in many applications in different fields. The innovation introduced in this study is that with additional sensors, we can determine whether there are intermediary variables that can be modified to improve our sleep monitoring algorithm. Additionally, although the proposed device has a relatively low cost, it achieves substantially improved performance compared to the commercially available Philips ActiWatch2 wearable device, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To assess the reliability of our device, we compared physiological sleep signals recorded simultaneously from volunteers using both our device and ActiWatch2. Motion and light detection data from our device were shown to be correlated to data simultaneously collected using the ActiWatch2, with correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.89, respectively. For 7 days of continuous data collection, there was only one instance of a false positive, in which our device detected a sleep interval, while the ActiWatch2 did not. The most important aspect of our research is the use of an open architecture. At the hardware level, general purpose input/output (GPIO), serial peripheral interface (SPI), integrated circuit (I(2)C), and universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) standards were used. At the software level, an object-oriented programming methodology was used to develop the system. Because the use of plug-and-play sensors is associated with the risk of adverse outcomes, such as system instability, this study heavily relied on object-oriented programming. Object-oriented programming improves system stability when hardware components are replaced or upgraded, allowing us to change the original system components at a low cost. Therefore, our device is easily scalable and has low commercialization costs. The proposed wearable device can facilitate the long-term tracking of physiological signals in sleep monitoring and related research. The open architecture of our device facilitates collaboration and allows other researchers to adapt our device for use in their own research, which is the main characteristic and contribution of this study.
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spelling pubmed-74071842020-08-11 Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals Liao, Lun-De Wang, Yuhling Tsao, Yung-Chung Wang, I-Jan Jhang, De-Fu Chuang, Chiung-Cheng Chen, Sheng-Fu Micromachines (Basel) Article We present a wearable device built on an Adafruit Circuit Playground Express (CPE) board and integrated with a photoplethysmographic (PPG) optical sensor for heart rate monitoring and multiple embedded sensors for medical applications—in particular, sleep physiological signal monitoring. Our device is portable and lightweight. Due to the microcontroller unit (MCU)-based architecture of the proposed device, it is scalable and flexible. Thus, with the addition of different plug-and-play sensors, it can be used in many applications in different fields. The innovation introduced in this study is that with additional sensors, we can determine whether there are intermediary variables that can be modified to improve our sleep monitoring algorithm. Additionally, although the proposed device has a relatively low cost, it achieves substantially improved performance compared to the commercially available Philips ActiWatch2 wearable device, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To assess the reliability of our device, we compared physiological sleep signals recorded simultaneously from volunteers using both our device and ActiWatch2. Motion and light detection data from our device were shown to be correlated to data simultaneously collected using the ActiWatch2, with correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.89, respectively. For 7 days of continuous data collection, there was only one instance of a false positive, in which our device detected a sleep interval, while the ActiWatch2 did not. The most important aspect of our research is the use of an open architecture. At the hardware level, general purpose input/output (GPIO), serial peripheral interface (SPI), integrated circuit (I(2)C), and universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) standards were used. At the software level, an object-oriented programming methodology was used to develop the system. Because the use of plug-and-play sensors is associated with the risk of adverse outcomes, such as system instability, this study heavily relied on object-oriented programming. Object-oriented programming improves system stability when hardware components are replaced or upgraded, allowing us to change the original system components at a low cost. Therefore, our device is easily scalable and has low commercialization costs. The proposed wearable device can facilitate the long-term tracking of physiological signals in sleep monitoring and related research. The open architecture of our device facilitates collaboration and allows other researchers to adapt our device for use in their own research, which is the main characteristic and contribution of this study. MDPI 2020-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7407184/ /pubmed/32664268 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070672 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liao, Lun-De
Wang, Yuhling
Tsao, Yung-Chung
Wang, I-Jan
Jhang, De-Fu
Chuang, Chiung-Cheng
Chen, Sheng-Fu
Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals
title Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals
title_full Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals
title_fullStr Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals
title_full_unstemmed Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals
title_short Design and Implementation of a Multifunction Wearable Device to Monitor Sleep Physiological Signals
title_sort design and implementation of a multifunction wearable device to monitor sleep physiological signals
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7407184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32664268
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070672
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