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Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant

Wastewater remains a global challenge. Various methods have been used in wastewater treatment, including flocculation. The aim of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using a polymeric bioflocculant and to evaluate its efficacy in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. A compari...

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Autores principales: Dlamini, Nkosinathi Goodman, Basson, Albertus Kotze, Pullabhotla, Rajasekhar VSR
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7407570/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071618
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author Dlamini, Nkosinathi Goodman
Basson, Albertus Kotze
Pullabhotla, Rajasekhar VSR
author_facet Dlamini, Nkosinathi Goodman
Basson, Albertus Kotze
Pullabhotla, Rajasekhar VSR
author_sort Dlamini, Nkosinathi Goodman
collection PubMed
description Wastewater remains a global challenge. Various methods have been used in wastewater treatment, including flocculation. The aim of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using a polymeric bioflocculant and to evaluate its efficacy in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. A comparison between the efficiencies of the bioflocculant and iron nanoparticles was investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the material. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the presence of elements such as O and C that were abundant in both samples, while FT-IR studies showed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH(2)). Fe nanoparticles showed the best flocculation activity (FA) at 0.4 mg/mL dosage as opposed to that of the bioflocculant, which displayed the highest flocculation activity at 0.8 mg/mL, and both samples were found to be cation-dependent. When evaluated for heat stability and pH stability, FeNPs were found thermostable with 86% FA at 100 °C, while an alkaline pH of 11 favored FA with 93%. The bioflocculant flocculated poorly at high temperature and was found effective mostly at a pH of 7 with over 90% FA. FeNPs effectively removed BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in all two wastewater samples from coal mine water and Mzingazi River water. Cytotoxicity results showed both FeNPs and the bioflocculant as nontoxic at concentrations up to 50 µL.
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spelling pubmed-74075702020-08-25 Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant Dlamini, Nkosinathi Goodman Basson, Albertus Kotze Pullabhotla, Rajasekhar VSR Polymers (Basel) Article Wastewater remains a global challenge. Various methods have been used in wastewater treatment, including flocculation. The aim of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using a polymeric bioflocculant and to evaluate its efficacy in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. A comparison between the efficiencies of the bioflocculant and iron nanoparticles was investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the material. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the presence of elements such as O and C that were abundant in both samples, while FT-IR studies showed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH(2)). Fe nanoparticles showed the best flocculation activity (FA) at 0.4 mg/mL dosage as opposed to that of the bioflocculant, which displayed the highest flocculation activity at 0.8 mg/mL, and both samples were found to be cation-dependent. When evaluated for heat stability and pH stability, FeNPs were found thermostable with 86% FA at 100 °C, while an alkaline pH of 11 favored FA with 93%. The bioflocculant flocculated poorly at high temperature and was found effective mostly at a pH of 7 with over 90% FA. FeNPs effectively removed BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in all two wastewater samples from coal mine water and Mzingazi River water. Cytotoxicity results showed both FeNPs and the bioflocculant as nontoxic at concentrations up to 50 µL. MDPI 2020-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7407570/ /pubmed/32708211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071618 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Dlamini, Nkosinathi Goodman
Basson, Albertus Kotze
Pullabhotla, Rajasekhar VSR
Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant
title Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant
title_full Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant
title_fullStr Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant
title_full_unstemmed Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant
title_short Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant
title_sort wastewater treatment by a polymeric bioflocculant and iron nanoparticles synthesized from a bioflocculant
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7407570/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071618
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