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Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

In this study, a mixture of thermoplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS), tapioca starch, glycerol and empty fruit bunch fiber was prepared by a melt compounding method using an industrial extruder. Generally, insertion of starch/glycerol has provided better strength performance, but worse thermal and...

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Autores principales: Ayu, Rafiqah S., Khalina, Abdan, Harmaen, Ahmad Saffian, Zaman, Khairul, Isma, Tawakkal, Liu, Qiuyun, Ilyas, R. A., Lee, Ching Hao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7408612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32679865
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071571
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author Ayu, Rafiqah S.
Khalina, Abdan
Harmaen, Ahmad Saffian
Zaman, Khairul
Isma, Tawakkal
Liu, Qiuyun
Ilyas, R. A.
Lee, Ching Hao
author_facet Ayu, Rafiqah S.
Khalina, Abdan
Harmaen, Ahmad Saffian
Zaman, Khairul
Isma, Tawakkal
Liu, Qiuyun
Ilyas, R. A.
Lee, Ching Hao
author_sort Ayu, Rafiqah S.
collection PubMed
description In this study, a mixture of thermoplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS), tapioca starch, glycerol and empty fruit bunch fiber was prepared by a melt compounding method using an industrial extruder. Generally, insertion of starch/glycerol has provided better strength performance, but worse thermal and water uptake to all specimens. The effect of fiber loading on mechanical, morphological, thermal and physical properties was studied in focus. Low interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix revealed a poor mechanical performance. However, higher fiber loadings have improved the strength values. This is because fibers regulate good load transfer mechanisms, as confirmed from SEM micrographs. Tensile and flexural strengths have increased 6.0% and 12.2%, respectively, for 20 wt% empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber reinforcements. There was a slightly higher mass loss for early stage thermal decomposition, whereas regardless of EFB contents, insignificant changes on decomposition temperature were recorded. A higher lignin constituent in the composite (for high natural fiber volume) resulted in a higher mass residue, which would turn into char at high temperature. This observation indirectly proves the dimensional integrity of the composite. However, as expected, with higher EFB fiber contents in the composite, higher values in both the moisture uptake and moisture loss analyses were found. The hydroxyl groups in the EFB absorbed water moisture through formation of hydrogen bonding.
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spelling pubmed-74086122020-08-13 Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet Ayu, Rafiqah S. Khalina, Abdan Harmaen, Ahmad Saffian Zaman, Khairul Isma, Tawakkal Liu, Qiuyun Ilyas, R. A. Lee, Ching Hao Polymers (Basel) Article In this study, a mixture of thermoplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS), tapioca starch, glycerol and empty fruit bunch fiber was prepared by a melt compounding method using an industrial extruder. Generally, insertion of starch/glycerol has provided better strength performance, but worse thermal and water uptake to all specimens. The effect of fiber loading on mechanical, morphological, thermal and physical properties was studied in focus. Low interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix revealed a poor mechanical performance. However, higher fiber loadings have improved the strength values. This is because fibers regulate good load transfer mechanisms, as confirmed from SEM micrographs. Tensile and flexural strengths have increased 6.0% and 12.2%, respectively, for 20 wt% empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber reinforcements. There was a slightly higher mass loss for early stage thermal decomposition, whereas regardless of EFB contents, insignificant changes on decomposition temperature were recorded. A higher lignin constituent in the composite (for high natural fiber volume) resulted in a higher mass residue, which would turn into char at high temperature. This observation indirectly proves the dimensional integrity of the composite. However, as expected, with higher EFB fiber contents in the composite, higher values in both the moisture uptake and moisture loss analyses were found. The hydroxyl groups in the EFB absorbed water moisture through formation of hydrogen bonding. MDPI 2020-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7408612/ /pubmed/32679865 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071571 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ayu, Rafiqah S.
Khalina, Abdan
Harmaen, Ahmad Saffian
Zaman, Khairul
Isma, Tawakkal
Liu, Qiuyun
Ilyas, R. A.
Lee, Ching Hao
Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet
title Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet
title_full Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet
title_fullStr Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet
title_full_unstemmed Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet
title_short Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet
title_sort characterization study of empty fruit bunch (efb) fibers reinforcement in poly(butylene) succinate (pbs)/starch/glycerol composite sheet
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7408612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32679865
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071571
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