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Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas
BACKGROUND: Immunotherapies targeting glioblastoma (GBM) have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes. TOX is closely associated with the immune environment surrounding tumors, but its role in gliomas is not fully understood. METHODS: Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7409670/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762688 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02460-3 |
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author | Zhang, Hao Fan, Fan Yu, Yuanqiang Wang, Zeyu Liu, Fangkun Dai, Ziyu Zhang, Liyang Liu, Zhixiong Cheng, Quan |
author_facet | Zhang, Hao Fan, Fan Yu, Yuanqiang Wang, Zeyu Liu, Fangkun Dai, Ziyu Zhang, Liyang Liu, Zhixiong Cheng, Quan |
author_sort | Zhang, Hao |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Immunotherapies targeting glioblastoma (GBM) have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes. TOX is closely associated with the immune environment surrounding tumors, but its role in gliomas is not fully understood. METHODS: Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), we analyzed the transcriptomes of 1691 WHO grade I-IV human glioma samples. The R language was used to perform most of the statistical analyses. Somatic mutations and somatic copy number variation (CNV) were analyzed using GISTIC 2.0. RESULTS: TOX was down-regulated in malignant gliomas compared to low grade gliomas, and upregulated in the proneural and IDH mutant subtypes of GBM. TOX(low) tumours are associated with the loss of PTEN and amplification of EGFR, while TOX(high) tumours harbor frequent mutations in IDH1 (91%). TOX was highly expressed in leading edge regions of tumours. Gene ontology and pathway analyses demonstrated that TOX was enriched in multiple immune related processes including lymphocyte migration in GBM. Finally, TOX had a negative association with the infiltration of several immune cell types in the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSION: TOX has the potential to be a new prognostic marker for GBM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7409670 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74096702020-08-10 Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas Zhang, Hao Fan, Fan Yu, Yuanqiang Wang, Zeyu Liu, Fangkun Dai, Ziyu Zhang, Liyang Liu, Zhixiong Cheng, Quan J Transl Med Research BACKGROUND: Immunotherapies targeting glioblastoma (GBM) have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes. TOX is closely associated with the immune environment surrounding tumors, but its role in gliomas is not fully understood. METHODS: Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), we analyzed the transcriptomes of 1691 WHO grade I-IV human glioma samples. The R language was used to perform most of the statistical analyses. Somatic mutations and somatic copy number variation (CNV) were analyzed using GISTIC 2.0. RESULTS: TOX was down-regulated in malignant gliomas compared to low grade gliomas, and upregulated in the proneural and IDH mutant subtypes of GBM. TOX(low) tumours are associated with the loss of PTEN and amplification of EGFR, while TOX(high) tumours harbor frequent mutations in IDH1 (91%). TOX was highly expressed in leading edge regions of tumours. Gene ontology and pathway analyses demonstrated that TOX was enriched in multiple immune related processes including lymphocyte migration in GBM. Finally, TOX had a negative association with the infiltration of several immune cell types in the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSION: TOX has the potential to be a new prognostic marker for GBM. BioMed Central 2020-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7409670/ /pubmed/32762688 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02460-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Zhang, Hao Fan, Fan Yu, Yuanqiang Wang, Zeyu Liu, Fangkun Dai, Ziyu Zhang, Liyang Liu, Zhixiong Cheng, Quan Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas |
title | Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas |
title_full | Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas |
title_fullStr | Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas |
title_full_unstemmed | Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas |
title_short | Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas |
title_sort | clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of tox in diffuse gliomas |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7409670/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762688 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02460-3 |
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