Predictors of the need for supportive femoral approach during transvenous extraction of pacemaker and defibrillator leads in Japanese patients

BACKGROUND: Studies on femoral approach during transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are limited. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 75 patients undergoing TLE from September 2014 through November 2019 via supportive femoral approach (Femoral/Superior group; n = 22) and superior approach alone (Superior group; n = 53). RESULTS: No significant between‐group differences were observed regarding patients’ baseline characteristics except for a higher incidence of access vein occlusion in the Femoral/Superior group (59.1% vs. 31.4%; P = .037). The Femoral/Superior group exhibited significantly longer dwell times of the oldest extracted lead (median: 13.4 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 8.8‐21.2 years vs. median, 7.2 years; IQR: 3.7‐10.8 years; P < .001) and a higher incidence of passive fixation ventricular pacemaker lead (81.8% vs. 39.6%; P = .001). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that access vein occlusion (odds ratio [OR]: 4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐15.3; P < .001) and dwell time of the oldest extracted lead (per year) (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.37; P = .038) were predictors of the need for supportive femoral approach. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that 11.8 years from implant was the cutoff for the need for supportive femoral approach (sensitivity 68.2%, specificity of 81.1%, area under the curve 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Access vein occlusion and long dwell time of the oldest extracted lead predict a high probability of the need for supportive femoral approach. Supportive femoral approach may be necessary in patients with leads that are implanted for >11.8 years and whose access veins are occluded.