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Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?

Glycine monitoring is gaining importance as a biomarker in clinical analysis due to its involvement in multiple physiological functions, which results in glycine being one of the most analyzed biomolecules for diagnostics. This growing demand requires faster and more reliable, while affordable, anal...

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Autores principales: Pérez-Ràfols, Clara, Liu, Yujie, Wang, Qianyu, Cuartero, María, Crespo, Gastón A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7411573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708149
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144049
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author Pérez-Ràfols, Clara
Liu, Yujie
Wang, Qianyu
Cuartero, María
Crespo, Gastón A.
author_facet Pérez-Ràfols, Clara
Liu, Yujie
Wang, Qianyu
Cuartero, María
Crespo, Gastón A.
author_sort Pérez-Ràfols, Clara
collection PubMed
description Glycine monitoring is gaining importance as a biomarker in clinical analysis due to its involvement in multiple physiological functions, which results in glycine being one of the most analyzed biomolecules for diagnostics. This growing demand requires faster and more reliable, while affordable, analytical methods that can replace the current gold standard for glycine detection, which is based on sample extraction with subsequent use of liquid chromatography or fluorometric kits for its quantification in centralized laboratories. This work discusses electrochemical sensors and biosensors as an alternative option, focusing on their potential application for glycine determination in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, the three most widely used matrices for glycine analysis with clinical meaning. For electrochemical sensors, voltammetry/amperometry is the preferred readout (10 of the 13 papers collected in this review) and metal-based redox mediator modification is the predominant approach for electrode fabrication (11 of the 13 papers). However, none of the reported electrochemical sensors fulfill the requirements for direct analysis of biological fluids, most of them lacking appropriate selectivity, linear range of response, and/or capability of measuring at physiological conditions. Enhanced selectivity has been recently reported using biosensors (with an enzyme element in the electrode design), although this is still a very incipient approach. Currently, despite the benefits of electrochemistry, only optical biosensors have been successfully reported for glycine detection and, from all the inspected works, it is clear that bioengineering efforts will play a key role in the embellishment of selectivity and storage stability of the sensing element in the sensor.
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spelling pubmed-74115732020-08-17 Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors? Pérez-Ràfols, Clara Liu, Yujie Wang, Qianyu Cuartero, María Crespo, Gastón A. Sensors (Basel) Perspective Glycine monitoring is gaining importance as a biomarker in clinical analysis due to its involvement in multiple physiological functions, which results in glycine being one of the most analyzed biomolecules for diagnostics. This growing demand requires faster and more reliable, while affordable, analytical methods that can replace the current gold standard for glycine detection, which is based on sample extraction with subsequent use of liquid chromatography or fluorometric kits for its quantification in centralized laboratories. This work discusses electrochemical sensors and biosensors as an alternative option, focusing on their potential application for glycine determination in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, the three most widely used matrices for glycine analysis with clinical meaning. For electrochemical sensors, voltammetry/amperometry is the preferred readout (10 of the 13 papers collected in this review) and metal-based redox mediator modification is the predominant approach for electrode fabrication (11 of the 13 papers). However, none of the reported electrochemical sensors fulfill the requirements for direct analysis of biological fluids, most of them lacking appropriate selectivity, linear range of response, and/or capability of measuring at physiological conditions. Enhanced selectivity has been recently reported using biosensors (with an enzyme element in the electrode design), although this is still a very incipient approach. Currently, despite the benefits of electrochemistry, only optical biosensors have been successfully reported for glycine detection and, from all the inspected works, it is clear that bioengineering efforts will play a key role in the embellishment of selectivity and storage stability of the sensing element in the sensor. MDPI 2020-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7411573/ /pubmed/32708149 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144049 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Perspective
Pérez-Ràfols, Clara
Liu, Yujie
Wang, Qianyu
Cuartero, María
Crespo, Gastón A.
Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?
title Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?
title_full Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?
title_fullStr Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?
title_full_unstemmed Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?
title_short Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?
title_sort why not glycine electrochemical biosensors?
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7411573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708149
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144049
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