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Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios
Global climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacles, but little is known about LoRa communication r...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7411957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144034 |
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author | Cecílio, José Ferreira, Pedro M. Casimiro, António |
author_facet | Cecílio, José Ferreira, Pedro M. Casimiro, António |
author_sort | Cecílio, José |
collection | PubMed |
description | Global climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacles, but little is known about LoRa communication reliability over water, as it may happen in real flooding scenarios. One aspect that is known to influence the communication quality is the height at which nodes are placed. However, its impact in water environments is unknown. This is an important aspect that may influence the location of sensor nodes and the network topology. To fill this gap, we conducted several experiments using a real LoRa deployment to evaluate several features related to data communication. We considered two deployment scenarios corresponding to countryside and estuary environments. The nodes were placed at low heights, communicating, respectively, over the ground and over the water. Measurements for packet loss, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and round-trip time (RTT) were collected during a period of several weeks. Results for both scenarios are presented and compared in this paper. One important conclusion is that the communication distance and reliability are significantly affected by tides when the communication is done over the water and nodes are placed at low heights. Based on the RTT measurements and on the characteristics of the hardware, we also derive a battery lifetime estimation model that may be helpful for the definition of an adequate maintenance plan. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7411957 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74119572020-08-25 Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios Cecílio, José Ferreira, Pedro M. Casimiro, António Sensors (Basel) Case Report Global climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacles, but little is known about LoRa communication reliability over water, as it may happen in real flooding scenarios. One aspect that is known to influence the communication quality is the height at which nodes are placed. However, its impact in water environments is unknown. This is an important aspect that may influence the location of sensor nodes and the network topology. To fill this gap, we conducted several experiments using a real LoRa deployment to evaluate several features related to data communication. We considered two deployment scenarios corresponding to countryside and estuary environments. The nodes were placed at low heights, communicating, respectively, over the ground and over the water. Measurements for packet loss, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and round-trip time (RTT) were collected during a period of several weeks. Results for both scenarios are presented and compared in this paper. One important conclusion is that the communication distance and reliability are significantly affected by tides when the communication is done over the water and nodes are placed at low heights. Based on the RTT measurements and on the characteristics of the hardware, we also derive a battery lifetime estimation model that may be helpful for the definition of an adequate maintenance plan. MDPI 2020-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7411957/ /pubmed/32698518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144034 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Case Report Cecílio, José Ferreira, Pedro M. Casimiro, António Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title | Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_full | Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_short | Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_sort | evaluation of lora technology in flooding prevention scenarios |
topic | Case Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7411957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144034 |
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