Cargando…
National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans
BACKGROUND: There is very limited comprehensive information on disparate outcomes of black and white patients with COVID-19 infection. Reports from cities and states have suggested a discordant impact on black Americans, but no nationwide study has yet been performed. We sought to understand the dif...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the National Medical Association.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7413663/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32778445 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.07.009 |
_version_ | 1783568840116928512 |
---|---|
author | Poulson, Michael Geary, Alaina Annesi, Chandler Allee, Lisa Kenzik, Kelly Sanchez, Sabrina Tseng, Jennifer Dechert, Tracey |
author_facet | Poulson, Michael Geary, Alaina Annesi, Chandler Allee, Lisa Kenzik, Kelly Sanchez, Sabrina Tseng, Jennifer Dechert, Tracey |
author_sort | Poulson, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: There is very limited comprehensive information on disparate outcomes of black and white patients with COVID-19 infection. Reports from cities and states have suggested a discordant impact on black Americans, but no nationwide study has yet been performed. We sought to understand the differential outcomes for black and white Americans infected with COVID-19. METHODS: We obtained case-level data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on 76,442 white and 48,338 non-Hispanic Black patients diagnosed with COVID-19, ages 0 to >80+, outlining information on hospitalization, ICU admission, ventilation, and death outcomes. Multivariate Poisson regressions were used to estimate the association of race, treating white as the reference group, controlling for sex, age group, and the presence of comorbidities. RESULTS: Black patients were generally younger than white, were more often female, and had larger numbers of comorbidities. Compared to white patients with COVID-19, black patients had 1.4 times the risk of hospitalization (RR 1.42, p < 0.001), and almost twice the risk of requiring ICU care (RR 1.68, p < 0.001) or ventilatory support (RR 1.81, p < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. Black patients saw a 1.36 times increased risk of death (RR 1.36, p < 0.001) compared to white. Disparities between black and white outcomes increased with advanced age. CONCLUSION: Despite the initial descriptions of COVID-19 being a disease that affects all individuals, regardless of station, our data demonstrate the differential racial effects in the United States. This current pandemic reinforces the need to assess the unequal effects of crises on disadvantaged populations to promote population health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7413663 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the National Medical Association. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74136632020-08-10 National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans Poulson, Michael Geary, Alaina Annesi, Chandler Allee, Lisa Kenzik, Kelly Sanchez, Sabrina Tseng, Jennifer Dechert, Tracey J Natl Med Assoc Article BACKGROUND: There is very limited comprehensive information on disparate outcomes of black and white patients with COVID-19 infection. Reports from cities and states have suggested a discordant impact on black Americans, but no nationwide study has yet been performed. We sought to understand the differential outcomes for black and white Americans infected with COVID-19. METHODS: We obtained case-level data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on 76,442 white and 48,338 non-Hispanic Black patients diagnosed with COVID-19, ages 0 to >80+, outlining information on hospitalization, ICU admission, ventilation, and death outcomes. Multivariate Poisson regressions were used to estimate the association of race, treating white as the reference group, controlling for sex, age group, and the presence of comorbidities. RESULTS: Black patients were generally younger than white, were more often female, and had larger numbers of comorbidities. Compared to white patients with COVID-19, black patients had 1.4 times the risk of hospitalization (RR 1.42, p < 0.001), and almost twice the risk of requiring ICU care (RR 1.68, p < 0.001) or ventilatory support (RR 1.81, p < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. Black patients saw a 1.36 times increased risk of death (RR 1.36, p < 0.001) compared to white. Disparities between black and white outcomes increased with advanced age. CONCLUSION: Despite the initial descriptions of COVID-19 being a disease that affects all individuals, regardless of station, our data demonstrate the differential racial effects in the United States. This current pandemic reinforces the need to assess the unequal effects of crises on disadvantaged populations to promote population health. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the National Medical Association. 2021-04 2020-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7413663/ /pubmed/32778445 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.07.009 Text en © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the National Medical Association. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Poulson, Michael Geary, Alaina Annesi, Chandler Allee, Lisa Kenzik, Kelly Sanchez, Sabrina Tseng, Jennifer Dechert, Tracey National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans |
title | National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans |
title_full | National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans |
title_fullStr | National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans |
title_full_unstemmed | National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans |
title_short | National Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes between Black and White Americans |
title_sort | national disparities in covid-19 outcomes between black and white americans |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7413663/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32778445 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.07.009 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT poulsonmichael nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans AT gearyalaina nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans AT annesichandler nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans AT alleelisa nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans AT kenzikkelly nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans AT sanchezsabrina nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans AT tsengjennifer nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans AT decherttracey nationaldisparitiesincovid19outcomesbetweenblackandwhiteamericans |