The overexpression of RBM3 alleviates TBI‐induced behaviour impairment and AD‐like tauopathy in mice

The therapeutic hypothermia is an effective tool for TBI‐associated brain impairment, but its side effects limit in clinical routine use. Hypothermia up‐regulates RNA‐binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), which is verified to protect synaptic plasticity. Here, we found that cognitive and LTP deficits, loss of spines, AD‐like tau pathologies are displayed one month after TBI in mice. In contrast, the deficits of LTP and cognitive, loss of spines and tau abnormal phosphorylation at several sites are obviously reversed in TBI mice combined with hypothermia pre‐treatment (HT). But, the neuroprotective role of HT disappears in TBI mouse models under condition of blocking RBM3 expression with RBM3 shRNA. In other hand, overexpressing RBM3 by AAV‐RBM3 plasmid can mimic HT‐like neuroprotection against TBI‐induced chronic brain injuries, such as improving LTP and cognitive, loss of spines and tau hyperphosphorylation in TBI mouse models. Taken together, hypothermia pre‐treatment reverses TBI‐induced chronic AD‐like pathology and behaviour deficits in RBM3 expression dependent manner, RBM3 may be a potential target for neurodegeneration diseases including Alzheimer disease.