Hydrogen sulphide ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy in db/db mice via Muscle RING finger 1 S‐sulfhydration

Muscle atrophy occurs in many pathological states, including cancer, diabetes and sepsis, whose results primarily from accelerated protein degradation and activation of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Expression of Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was increased to induce the loss of muscle mass in diabetic condition. However, hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) plays a crucial role in the variety of physiological functions, including antihypertension, antiproliferation and antioxidant. In this study, db/db mice and C2C12 myoblasts treated by high glucose and palmitate and oleate were chose as animal and cellular models. We explored how exogenous H(2)S attenuated the degradation of skeletal muscle via the modification of MuRF1 S‐sulfhydration in db/db mice. Our results show cystathionine‐r‐lyase expression, and H(2)S level in skeletal muscle of db/db mice was reduced. Simultaneously, exogenous H(2)S could alleviate ROS production and reverse expression of ER stress protein markers. Exogenous H(2)S could decrease the ubiquitination level of MYOM1 and MYH4 in db/db mice. In addition, exogenous H(2)S reduced the interaction between MuRF1 with MYOM1 and MYH4 via MuRF1 S‐sulfhydration. Based on these results, we establish that H(2)S prevented the degradation of skeletal muscle via MuRF1 S‐sulfhydration at the site of Cys44 in db/db mice.