Rural–Urban Differentials of Long-Acting Contraceptive Method Utilization Among Reproductive-Age Women in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Further Analysis of the 2016 EDHS

BACKGROUND: The sharp fertility drop-off in the Amhara region between 2000 and 2011 was due to an increase in modern contraceptive utilization of rural women. However, long-acting contraceptive method utilization was higher among urban than rural women. Therefore, this study aimed to assess rural–urban differentials of long-acting contraceptive method utilization and the contributing factors among reproductive-age women in the Amhara region: analysis of the 2016 EDHS. METHODS: The 2016 EDHS data were used. A weighted sample of 2188 (1675 rural and 513 urban) fecund reproductive-age women was used, and a mixed-effects logistic regression model was fitted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis at a P-value <0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to declare significant associations. RESULTS: The overall long-acting contraceptive method use was 13.3% (95% CI=11.6–15.8), and it was 14.8% (95% CI=12.4–17.2) among rural and 8.3% (95% CI=4.5–12.4) among urban women. Among urban women, the odds of long-acting contraceptive method use was higher for women living with a partner (AOR=6.83; 95% CI=1.23–37.84), married women (AOR=5.21; 95% CI=1.95–13.89), women living in a male-headed household (AOR=5.29; 95% CI=1.26–22.38), and women whose partner wanted fewer children (AOR=11; 95% CI=3.46–16.2). Among rural women, the odds of long-acting contraceptive use was higher for women in the richest wealth index (AOR=6.69; 95% CI=3.02–14.83), married women (AOR=30.26; 95% CI=8.81–42.9), women with good knowledge of LACMs (AOR=1.75; 95% CI=1.25–2.46), and women who had no correct knowledge of their ovulatory cycle (AOR=1.93; 95% CI=1.16–3.19). CONCLUSION: Long-acting contraceptive method use was lower than the national target. LACM use was 8.3% (95% CI=4.5–12.4) among urban and 14.8% (95% CI=12.4–17.2) among rural women. Overall, marital status, educational level, the total number of children, knowledge of LACMs, and correct knowledge of the ovulatory cycle were significantly associated with LACM use.