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Keloids: Current and emerging therapies

Keloids are pathological scars that grow over time and extend beyond the initial site of injury after impaired wound healing. These scars frequently recur and rarely regress. They are aesthetically disfiguring, can cause pain, itching, discomfort as well as psychological stress, often affecting qual...

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Autores principales: Ojeh, Nkemcho, Bharatha, Ambadasu, Gaur, Uma, Forde, Andrew LeRoy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32844039
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059513120940499
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author Ojeh, Nkemcho
Bharatha, Ambadasu
Gaur, Uma
Forde, Andrew LeRoy
author_facet Ojeh, Nkemcho
Bharatha, Ambadasu
Gaur, Uma
Forde, Andrew LeRoy
author_sort Ojeh, Nkemcho
collection PubMed
description Keloids are pathological scars that grow over time and extend beyond the initial site of injury after impaired wound healing. These scars frequently recur and rarely regress. They are aesthetically disfiguring, can cause pain, itching, discomfort as well as psychological stress, often affecting quality of life. Many treatment modalities, including surgical and non-surgical, have been explored and have been reported to be beneficial; however, none have been absolutely satisfactory or optimal for the treatment of all keloid subtypes to date. This poses a major challenge to clinicians. Often, a combinational therapeutic approach appears to offer the best results with higher patient satisfaction compared to monotherapy. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not fully elucidated; however, with recent advances in molecular biology and genetics, insight is being gained on the complex process of scar formation and hence new therapeutic and management options for keloids. In this paper, we explore the literature and summarise the general concepts surrounding keloid development and review both current (corticosteroids, surgical excision, silicone-based products, pressure therapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil) and emerging (stem cell therapy, mitomycin C, verapamil, interferons, bleomycin, botulinum toxin type A and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) treatments. Increased knowledge and understanding in this area may potentially lead to the discovery and development of novel therapeutic options that are more efficacious for all keloid types. LAY SUMMARY: [Image: see text] Keloids are problematic scars that are difficult to treat and manage. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not clear; however, recent advances in molecular biology and genetics are beginning to shed light on the underlying mechanisms implicated in keloid scar formation which will hopefully lead to the development of treatment options for all keloid types. This review summarises current and emerging therapies.
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spelling pubmed-74182562020-08-24 Keloids: Current and emerging therapies Ojeh, Nkemcho Bharatha, Ambadasu Gaur, Uma Forde, Andrew LeRoy Scars Burn Heal Review Keloids are pathological scars that grow over time and extend beyond the initial site of injury after impaired wound healing. These scars frequently recur and rarely regress. They are aesthetically disfiguring, can cause pain, itching, discomfort as well as psychological stress, often affecting quality of life. Many treatment modalities, including surgical and non-surgical, have been explored and have been reported to be beneficial; however, none have been absolutely satisfactory or optimal for the treatment of all keloid subtypes to date. This poses a major challenge to clinicians. Often, a combinational therapeutic approach appears to offer the best results with higher patient satisfaction compared to monotherapy. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not fully elucidated; however, with recent advances in molecular biology and genetics, insight is being gained on the complex process of scar formation and hence new therapeutic and management options for keloids. In this paper, we explore the literature and summarise the general concepts surrounding keloid development and review both current (corticosteroids, surgical excision, silicone-based products, pressure therapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil) and emerging (stem cell therapy, mitomycin C, verapamil, interferons, bleomycin, botulinum toxin type A and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) treatments. Increased knowledge and understanding in this area may potentially lead to the discovery and development of novel therapeutic options that are more efficacious for all keloid types. LAY SUMMARY: [Image: see text] Keloids are problematic scars that are difficult to treat and manage. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not clear; however, recent advances in molecular biology and genetics are beginning to shed light on the underlying mechanisms implicated in keloid scar formation which will hopefully lead to the development of treatment options for all keloid types. This review summarises current and emerging therapies. SAGE Publications 2020-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7418256/ /pubmed/32844039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059513120940499 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review
Ojeh, Nkemcho
Bharatha, Ambadasu
Gaur, Uma
Forde, Andrew LeRoy
Keloids: Current and emerging therapies
title Keloids: Current and emerging therapies
title_full Keloids: Current and emerging therapies
title_fullStr Keloids: Current and emerging therapies
title_full_unstemmed Keloids: Current and emerging therapies
title_short Keloids: Current and emerging therapies
title_sort keloids: current and emerging therapies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32844039
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059513120940499
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