Endothelial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Protects Against the Development of Hypertension and Atherosclerosis

In the endothelium, ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are thought to couple cellular metabolism with membrane excitability, calcium entry, and endothelial mediator release. We hypothesized that endothelial K(ATP) channels have a broad role protecting against high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. Endothelial-specific Kir6.1 KO mice (eKO) and eKO mice on an apolipoprotein E KO background were generated (A-eKO) to investigate the role of K(ATP) channels in the endothelium. Basal blood pressure was not elevated in eKO mice. However, when challenged with a high-salt diet and the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME, eKO mice became more hypertensive than their littermate controls. In aorta, NO release at least partly contributes to the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by pinacidil. In A-eKO mice atherosclerotic plaque density was significantly greater than in their littermate controls when challenged with a high-fat diet, particularly in the aortic arch region. Levels of endothelial dysfunction markers were higher in eKO compared with WT mice; however, these were not significant for A-eKO mice compared with their littermate controls. Furthermore, decreased vascular reactivity was observed in the mesenteric arteries of A-eKO mice, but not in aorta when on a high-fat diet. Our data support a role for endothelial Kir6.1-containing K(ATP) channels in the endothelial protection against environmental stressors: the maintenance of blood pressure homeostasis in response to high salt and endothelial integrity when challenged with a high-fat diet.