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Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization

Chronic infections present a serious economic burden to health-care systems. The severity and prevalence of chronic infections are continuously increasing due to an aging population and an elevated number of lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes. Treatment of chronic infections has proven diff...

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Autores principales: Kvich, Lasse, Burmølle, Mette, Bjarnsholt, Thomas, Lichtenberg, Mads
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7419433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850494
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00396
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author Kvich, Lasse
Burmølle, Mette
Bjarnsholt, Thomas
Lichtenberg, Mads
author_facet Kvich, Lasse
Burmølle, Mette
Bjarnsholt, Thomas
Lichtenberg, Mads
author_sort Kvich, Lasse
collection PubMed
description Chronic infections present a serious economic burden to health-care systems. The severity and prevalence of chronic infections are continuously increasing due to an aging population and an elevated number of lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes. Treatment of chronic infections has proven difficult, mainly due to the presence of biofilms that render bacteria more tolerant toward antimicrobials and the host immune response. Chronic infections have been described to harbor several different bacterial species and it has been hypothesized that microscale interactions and mixed-species consortia are present as described for most natural occurring biofilms i.e., aquatic systems and industrial settings, but also for some commensal human biofilms i.e., the mouth microbiota. However, the presence of mixed-species biofilms in chronic infections is most often an assumption based on culture-based methods and/or by means of molecular approaches, such as PCR and sequencing performed from homogenized bulk tissue samples. These methods disregard the spatial organization of the bacterial community and thus valuable information on biofilm aggregate composition, spatial organization, and possible interactions between different species is lost. Hitherto, only few studies have made visual in situ presentations of mixed-species biofilms in chronic infections, which is pivotal for the description of bacterial composition, spatial distribution, and interspecies interaction on the microscale. In order for bacteria to interact (synergism, commensalism, mutualism, competition, etc.) they need to be in close proximity to each other on the scale where they can affect e.g., solute concentrations. We argue that visual proof of mixed species biofilms in chronic infections is scarce compared to what is seen in e.g., environmental biofilms and call for a debate on the importance of mixed-species biofilm in chronic infections.
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spelling pubmed-74194332020-08-25 Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization Kvich, Lasse Burmølle, Mette Bjarnsholt, Thomas Lichtenberg, Mads Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Chronic infections present a serious economic burden to health-care systems. The severity and prevalence of chronic infections are continuously increasing due to an aging population and an elevated number of lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes. Treatment of chronic infections has proven difficult, mainly due to the presence of biofilms that render bacteria more tolerant toward antimicrobials and the host immune response. Chronic infections have been described to harbor several different bacterial species and it has been hypothesized that microscale interactions and mixed-species consortia are present as described for most natural occurring biofilms i.e., aquatic systems and industrial settings, but also for some commensal human biofilms i.e., the mouth microbiota. However, the presence of mixed-species biofilms in chronic infections is most often an assumption based on culture-based methods and/or by means of molecular approaches, such as PCR and sequencing performed from homogenized bulk tissue samples. These methods disregard the spatial organization of the bacterial community and thus valuable information on biofilm aggregate composition, spatial organization, and possible interactions between different species is lost. Hitherto, only few studies have made visual in situ presentations of mixed-species biofilms in chronic infections, which is pivotal for the description of bacterial composition, spatial distribution, and interspecies interaction on the microscale. In order for bacteria to interact (synergism, commensalism, mutualism, competition, etc.) they need to be in close proximity to each other on the scale where they can affect e.g., solute concentrations. We argue that visual proof of mixed species biofilms in chronic infections is scarce compared to what is seen in e.g., environmental biofilms and call for a debate on the importance of mixed-species biofilm in chronic infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7419433/ /pubmed/32850494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00396 Text en Copyright © 2020 Kvich, Burmølle, Bjarnsholt and Lichtenberg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Kvich, Lasse
Burmølle, Mette
Bjarnsholt, Thomas
Lichtenberg, Mads
Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization
title Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization
title_full Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization
title_fullStr Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization
title_full_unstemmed Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization
title_short Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?–Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization
title_sort do mixed-species biofilms dominate in chronic infections?–need for in situ visualization of bacterial organization
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7419433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850494
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00396
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