Microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device using fluorescence spectroscopy for detection of ciprofloxacin in milk samples

Detecting antibiotics in the milk supply chain is crucial to protect humans from allergic reactions, as well as preventing the build-up of antibiotic resistance. The dairy industry has controls in place at processing facilities, but controls on dairy farms are limited to manual devices. Errors in the use of these manual devices can result in severe financial harm to the farms. This illustrates an urgent need for automated methods of detecting antibiotics on a dairy farm, to prevent the shipment of milk containing antibiotics. This work introduces the microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device, a low-cost system that utilizes microchip capillary electrophoresis as well as fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of ciprofloxacin contained in milk. The microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device is operated under antibiotic-absent conditions, with ciprofloxacin not present in a milk sample, and antibiotic-present conditions, with ciprofloxacin present in a milk sample. The response curve for the microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device is found through experimental operation with varied concentrations of ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity and limit of detection are quantified for the microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device.