The NFκB Expression on Apical Dental Granuloma: An Immunohistochemistry Analysis

BACKGROUND: Endodontic treatment on dental caries with dental granuloma on the periapical has the potential to flare. The symptoms of acute flare in dental granuloma are strongly related to the activation of macrophages that produce pro-inflammatory cytokine through nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). However, the role of NFκB in dental granuloma has not been widely explained. PURPOSE: To compare NFκB expression in dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma in the periapical of dental caries. METHODS: The periapical lesion of dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma was obtained from patients with dental caries who were subjected to tooth extraction. The periapical lesion was confirmed by periapical radiography and then differentiated by histological and immunohistochemistry by analyzing the NFκB expression. RESULTS: Most dental granulomas were found in females (66.67%) between the ages 36 and 45 (61.11%). Dental granuloma showed higher NFκB expression compared to dental nongranuloma lesions in tooth caries (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: The dental granuloma tissue of dental caries showed an increase in NFκB expression. Understanding the role of NFκB might provide additional insights into the process of periapical lesion development.