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The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil
Alkylated waste vegetable oil is a versatile intermediate product in the synthesis of bio-based materials. Heterogeneous catalytic condition with high conversion rate in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil was reported and the deactivation mechanism of catalyst was revealed. The total excha...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428286/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192254 |
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author | Gao, Cheng-Long Wang, Xin Gang, Hong-Ze Liu, Jin-Feng Mu, Bo-Zhong Yang, Shi-Zhong |
author_facet | Gao, Cheng-Long Wang, Xin Gang, Hong-Ze Liu, Jin-Feng Mu, Bo-Zhong Yang, Shi-Zhong |
author_sort | Gao, Cheng-Long |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alkylated waste vegetable oil is a versatile intermediate product in the synthesis of bio-based materials. Heterogeneous catalytic condition with high conversion rate in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil was reported and the deactivation mechanism of catalyst was revealed. The total exchange capacity, elemental composition and pyrolysis product of catalyst before and after the alkylation reaction were analysed by back titration, elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, gas chromatography mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. The results indicated that the metallic and non-metallic (C, H) elements contents of the catalyst have very much increased with great changes in pyrolysis product and a slight decrease in the total exchange capacity. The formation of insoluble polymers through Diels–Alder cycloaddition between triglycerides was proved to be the major factor causing the dysfunction of the catalytic centre. The metal ions from corrosion of the reactor were the minor factor causing about 2.56% loss of the catalytic centre. Moreover, the catalyst was able to maintain high catalytic efficiency when replacing the raw materials with other waste vegetable oil having low concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is significant for producing not only the aryl fatty acids derivatives but also the bio-based surfactants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7428286 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74282862020-08-31 The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil Gao, Cheng-Long Wang, Xin Gang, Hong-Ze Liu, Jin-Feng Mu, Bo-Zhong Yang, Shi-Zhong R Soc Open Sci Chemistry Alkylated waste vegetable oil is a versatile intermediate product in the synthesis of bio-based materials. Heterogeneous catalytic condition with high conversion rate in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil was reported and the deactivation mechanism of catalyst was revealed. The total exchange capacity, elemental composition and pyrolysis product of catalyst before and after the alkylation reaction were analysed by back titration, elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, gas chromatography mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. The results indicated that the metallic and non-metallic (C, H) elements contents of the catalyst have very much increased with great changes in pyrolysis product and a slight decrease in the total exchange capacity. The formation of insoluble polymers through Diels–Alder cycloaddition between triglycerides was proved to be the major factor causing the dysfunction of the catalytic centre. The metal ions from corrosion of the reactor were the minor factor causing about 2.56% loss of the catalytic centre. Moreover, the catalyst was able to maintain high catalytic efficiency when replacing the raw materials with other waste vegetable oil having low concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is significant for producing not only the aryl fatty acids derivatives but also the bio-based surfactants. The Royal Society 2020-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7428286/ /pubmed/32874616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192254 Text en © 2020 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Gao, Cheng-Long Wang, Xin Gang, Hong-Ze Liu, Jin-Feng Mu, Bo-Zhong Yang, Shi-Zhong The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil |
title | The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil |
title_full | The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil |
title_fullStr | The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil |
title_full_unstemmed | The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil |
title_short | The optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil |
title_sort | optimization of heterogeneous catalytic conditions in the direct alkylation of waste vegetable oil |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428286/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192254 |
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