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Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants

Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor is a notorious pest of wheat. Previous studies suggest that Hessian fly uses effector‐based mechanisms to attack wheat plants during parasitism, but no direct evidence has been reported to support this postulation. Here, we produced recombinant proteins for five Fami...

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Autores principales: Aljbory, Zainab, Aikins, Michael J., Park, Yoonseong, Reeck, Gerald R., Chen, Ming‐Shun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32818166
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pld3.246
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author Aljbory, Zainab
Aikins, Michael J.
Park, Yoonseong
Reeck, Gerald R.
Chen, Ming‐Shun
author_facet Aljbory, Zainab
Aikins, Michael J.
Park, Yoonseong
Reeck, Gerald R.
Chen, Ming‐Shun
author_sort Aljbory, Zainab
collection PubMed
description Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor is a notorious pest of wheat. Previous studies suggest that Hessian fly uses effector‐based mechanisms to attack wheat plants during parasitism, but no direct evidence has been reported to support this postulation. Here, we produced recombinant proteins for five Family‐1 candidate effectors and antibodies. Indirect immunostaining and western blots were carried out to examine the localization of Hessian fly Family‐1 proteins in plant and insect tissues. Confocal images revealed that Family‐1 putative effectors were exclusively produced in the basal region of larval salivary glands, which are directly linked to the mandibles’ ducts for effector injection. The five Family‐1 proteins were detected in infested host plants on western blots. Indirect immunostaining of sectioned host tissues around the feeding site revealed strikingly different localization patterns between resistant and susceptible plants. In susceptible plants, the Family‐1 proteins penetrated from the feeding cell into deep tissues, indicative of movement between cells during nutritive cell formation. In contrast, the Hessian fly proteins were primarily limited to the initially attacked cells in resistant plants. The limitation of effectors’ spread in resistant plants was likely due to wall strengthening and rapid hypersensitive cell death. Cell death was found in Nicotiana benthamiana in association with hypersensitive reaction triggered by the Family‐1 effector SSGP‐1A2. Our finding represents a significant progress in visualizing insect effectors in host tissues and mechanisms of plant resistance and susceptibility to gall midge pests.
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spelling pubmed-74284922020-08-17 Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants Aljbory, Zainab Aikins, Michael J. Park, Yoonseong Reeck, Gerald R. Chen, Ming‐Shun Plant Direct Original Research Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor is a notorious pest of wheat. Previous studies suggest that Hessian fly uses effector‐based mechanisms to attack wheat plants during parasitism, but no direct evidence has been reported to support this postulation. Here, we produced recombinant proteins for five Family‐1 candidate effectors and antibodies. Indirect immunostaining and western blots were carried out to examine the localization of Hessian fly Family‐1 proteins in plant and insect tissues. Confocal images revealed that Family‐1 putative effectors were exclusively produced in the basal region of larval salivary glands, which are directly linked to the mandibles’ ducts for effector injection. The five Family‐1 proteins were detected in infested host plants on western blots. Indirect immunostaining of sectioned host tissues around the feeding site revealed strikingly different localization patterns between resistant and susceptible plants. In susceptible plants, the Family‐1 proteins penetrated from the feeding cell into deep tissues, indicative of movement between cells during nutritive cell formation. In contrast, the Hessian fly proteins were primarily limited to the initially attacked cells in resistant plants. The limitation of effectors’ spread in resistant plants was likely due to wall strengthening and rapid hypersensitive cell death. Cell death was found in Nicotiana benthamiana in association with hypersensitive reaction triggered by the Family‐1 effector SSGP‐1A2. Our finding represents a significant progress in visualizing insect effectors in host tissues and mechanisms of plant resistance and susceptibility to gall midge pests. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7428492/ /pubmed/32818166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pld3.246 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Plant Direct published by American Society of Plant Biologists, Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Aljbory, Zainab
Aikins, Michael J.
Park, Yoonseong
Reeck, Gerald R.
Chen, Ming‐Shun
Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants
title Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants
title_full Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants
title_fullStr Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants
title_full_unstemmed Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants
title_short Differential localization of Hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants
title_sort differential localization of hessian fly candidate effectors in resistant and susceptible wheat plants
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32818166
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pld3.246
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