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Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird

Studies of model animals like mice and rats have led to great advances in our understanding of the process of tumorigenesis, but this line of study has less to offer for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Increasing the diversity of nonmodel species from the perspective of molecular...

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Autores principales: Meitern, Richard, Fort, Jérôme, Giraudeau, Mathieu, Rattiste, Kalev, Sild, Elin, Sepp, Tuul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821278
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13024
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author Meitern, Richard
Fort, Jérôme
Giraudeau, Mathieu
Rattiste, Kalev
Sild, Elin
Sepp, Tuul
author_facet Meitern, Richard
Fort, Jérôme
Giraudeau, Mathieu
Rattiste, Kalev
Sild, Elin
Sepp, Tuul
author_sort Meitern, Richard
collection PubMed
description Studies of model animals like mice and rats have led to great advances in our understanding of the process of tumorigenesis, but this line of study has less to offer for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Increasing the diversity of nonmodel species from the perspective of molecular mechanisms of natural cancer resistance can lead to new insights into the evolution of protective mechanisms against neoplastic processes and to a wider understanding of natural cancer defense mechanisms. Such knowledge could then eventually be harnessed for the development of human cancer therapies. We suggest here that seabirds are promising, albeit currently completely ignored candidates for studying cancer defense mechanisms, as they have a longer maximum life span than expected from their body size and rates of energy metabolism and may have thus evolved mechanisms to limit neoplasia progression, especially at older ages. We here apply a novel, intraspecific approach of comparing old and young seabirds for improving our understanding of aging and neoplastic processes in natural settings. We used the long‐lived common gulls (Larus canus) for studying the age‐related pattern of expression of cancer‐related genes, based on transcriptome analysis and databases of orthologues of human cancer genes. The analysis of differently expressed cancer‐related genes between young and old gulls indicated that similarly to humans, age is potentially affecting cancer risk in this species. Out of eleven differentially expressed cancer‐related genes between the groups, three were likely artifactually linked to cancer. The remaining eight were downregulated in old gulls compared to young ones. The downregulation of five of them could be interpreted as a mechanism suppressing neoplasia risk and three as increasing the risk. Based on these results, we suggest that old gulls differ from young ones both from the aspect of cancer susceptibility and tumor suppression at the genetic level.
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spelling pubmed-74288152020-08-18 Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird Meitern, Richard Fort, Jérôme Giraudeau, Mathieu Rattiste, Kalev Sild, Elin Sepp, Tuul Evol Appl Special Issue Original Article Studies of model animals like mice and rats have led to great advances in our understanding of the process of tumorigenesis, but this line of study has less to offer for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Increasing the diversity of nonmodel species from the perspective of molecular mechanisms of natural cancer resistance can lead to new insights into the evolution of protective mechanisms against neoplastic processes and to a wider understanding of natural cancer defense mechanisms. Such knowledge could then eventually be harnessed for the development of human cancer therapies. We suggest here that seabirds are promising, albeit currently completely ignored candidates for studying cancer defense mechanisms, as they have a longer maximum life span than expected from their body size and rates of energy metabolism and may have thus evolved mechanisms to limit neoplasia progression, especially at older ages. We here apply a novel, intraspecific approach of comparing old and young seabirds for improving our understanding of aging and neoplastic processes in natural settings. We used the long‐lived common gulls (Larus canus) for studying the age‐related pattern of expression of cancer‐related genes, based on transcriptome analysis and databases of orthologues of human cancer genes. The analysis of differently expressed cancer‐related genes between young and old gulls indicated that similarly to humans, age is potentially affecting cancer risk in this species. Out of eleven differentially expressed cancer‐related genes between the groups, three were likely artifactually linked to cancer. The remaining eight were downregulated in old gulls compared to young ones. The downregulation of five of them could be interpreted as a mechanism suppressing neoplasia risk and three as increasing the risk. Based on these results, we suggest that old gulls differ from young ones both from the aspect of cancer susceptibility and tumor suppression at the genetic level. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7428815/ /pubmed/32821278 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13024 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Special Issue Original Article
Meitern, Richard
Fort, Jérôme
Giraudeau, Mathieu
Rattiste, Kalev
Sild, Elin
Sepp, Tuul
Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
title Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
title_full Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
title_fullStr Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
title_full_unstemmed Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
title_short Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
title_sort age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
topic Special Issue Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821278
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13024
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