Lipidomic Abnormalities During the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: a Quantitative Review

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The underlying factors triggering a cascade of autoimmune response that leads to the death of pancreatic beta cells and type 1 diabetes are to large extent unknown. Aberrations in the lipid balance have been suggested, either as factors directly contributing to autoimmunity or as a reflection of external factors, such as the diet or chemical exposure, which may increase the risk or even trigger the autoimmunity cascade. RECENT FINDINGS: A small number of recent studies have investigated the blood lipidome before and after the onset of type 1 diabetes with a goal of identifying biomarkers of disease progression. Phosphatidylcholine levels in particular have been suggested to be reduced prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes. SUMMARY: In this review, we approach this question through a quantitative analysis of the reported lipids. We quantify the extent of consensus between these heterogeneous studies, describe the overall lipidomic pattern that has been reported, and call for more independent replication of the findings that we highlight in this review. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11892-020-01326-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.