Ketorolac tromethamine pretreatment suppresses sufentanil-induced cough during general anesthesia induction: a prospective randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: To observe the effect of pretreatment with ketorolac tromethamine on sufentanil-induced cough in general anesthesia patients. METHODS: A total of 102 patients were screened, and 90 patients were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The 90 patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (C group) and the observation group (KT group). Five minutes before anesthesia induction, the observation group was given ketorolac tromethamine 0.5 mg/kg intravenously within 3 s, while the control group was given the same amount of normal saline intravenously. All patients were given a sufentanil bolus of 0.5 μg/kg (within 3 s) intravenously. One minute later, propofol 2.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.15 mg/kg were injected intravenously, and endotracheal intubation was guided by laryngoscopy. The number of coughs that occurred within 1 min after sufentanil injection was recorded. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) were recorded at T0 (immediately before pretreatment), T1 (5 min after pretreatment), T2 (before intubation), T3 (1 min after intubation) and T4 (5 min after intubation). The incidence of adverse reactions, including nausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, delay of recovery, restlessness in the recovery period, respiratory depression and postoperative incision pain, was analyzed. RESULTS: Within 1 min after sufentanil injection, the incidence and severity of cough in the KT group was significantly lower than that in the C group (P < 0.05). At T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, there were no significant differences in MAP, HR and SpO2 between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the dosage of sufentanil, propofol, remifentanil and vecuronium, the incidence of nausea and vomiting, the delay of recovery, dizziness, drowsiness or respiratory depression between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the incidence of restlessness and the number of patients with VAS scores > 3 in the KT group were significantly lower than those in the C group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with intravenous ketorolac tromethamine can significantly reduce the incidence of sufentanil-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia, which can also significantly reduce postoperative incision pain and restlessness during the recovery period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number# ChiCTR2000030287; date of registration: 27/02/2020).