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Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered

Recent discoveries have shed new light onto immunoglobulin M (IgM), an ancient antibody class preserved throughout evolution in all vertebrates. First, IgM – long thought to be a perfect pentamer – was shown to be asymmetric, resembling a quasi-hexamer missing one monomer and containing a gap. Secon...

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Autores principales: Gong, Siqi, Ruprecht, Ruth M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01943
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author Gong, Siqi
Ruprecht, Ruth M.
author_facet Gong, Siqi
Ruprecht, Ruth M.
author_sort Gong, Siqi
collection PubMed
description Recent discoveries have shed new light onto immunoglobulin M (IgM), an ancient antibody class preserved throughout evolution in all vertebrates. First, IgM – long thought to be a perfect pentamer – was shown to be asymmetric, resembling a quasi-hexamer missing one monomer and containing a gap. Second, this gap allows IgM to serve as carrier of a specific host protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), which is released to promote removal of dead-cell debris, cancer cells, or pathogens. Third, recombinant IgM delivered mucosally by passive immunization gave proof-of-concept that this antibody class can prevent mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus transmission in non-human primates. Finally, IgM’s role in adaptive immunity goes beyond being only a first defender to respond to pathogen invasion, as long-lived IgM plasma cells have been observed predominantly residing in the spleen. In fact, IgM produced by such cells contained somatic hypermutations and was linked to protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in murine models. Importantly, such long-lived IgM plasma cells had been induced by immunization 1 year before challenge. Together, new data on IgM function raise the possibility that vaccine strategies aimed at preventing virus acquisition could include this ancient weapon.
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spelling pubmed-74321942020-08-25 Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered Gong, Siqi Ruprecht, Ruth M. Front Immunol Immunology Recent discoveries have shed new light onto immunoglobulin M (IgM), an ancient antibody class preserved throughout evolution in all vertebrates. First, IgM – long thought to be a perfect pentamer – was shown to be asymmetric, resembling a quasi-hexamer missing one monomer and containing a gap. Second, this gap allows IgM to serve as carrier of a specific host protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), which is released to promote removal of dead-cell debris, cancer cells, or pathogens. Third, recombinant IgM delivered mucosally by passive immunization gave proof-of-concept that this antibody class can prevent mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus transmission in non-human primates. Finally, IgM’s role in adaptive immunity goes beyond being only a first defender to respond to pathogen invasion, as long-lived IgM plasma cells have been observed predominantly residing in the spleen. In fact, IgM produced by such cells contained somatic hypermutations and was linked to protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in murine models. Importantly, such long-lived IgM plasma cells had been induced by immunization 1 year before challenge. Together, new data on IgM function raise the possibility that vaccine strategies aimed at preventing virus acquisition could include this ancient weapon. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7432194/ /pubmed/32849652 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01943 Text en Copyright © 2020 Gong and Ruprecht. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Gong, Siqi
Ruprecht, Ruth M.
Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered
title Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered
title_full Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered
title_fullStr Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered
title_full_unstemmed Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered
title_short Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon – Rediscovered
title_sort immunoglobulin m: an ancient antiviral weapon – rediscovered
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01943
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