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Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability
Balance is an essential prerequisite for the normal physical development of a child. It consists of the ability to maintain the body’s centre of mass over its base of support, which is enabled by automatic postural adjustments, and maintain posture and stability in various conditions and activities....
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155474 |
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author | Sember, Vedrana Grošelj, Janja Pajek, Maja |
author_facet | Sember, Vedrana Grošelj, Janja Pajek, Maja |
author_sort | Sember, Vedrana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Balance is an essential prerequisite for the normal physical development of a child. It consists of the ability to maintain the body’s centre of mass over its base of support, which is enabled by automatic postural adjustments, and maintain posture and stability in various conditions and activities. The present study aimed to determine the measurement characteristics (reliability and concurrent validity) and the relative ability of balance tests and different motor tests in healthy 11-year-olds. We also evaluated the impact of vision on balance ability. Our results showed high interrater reliability (from 0.810 to 0.910) and confirmed the construct validity of the included balance tests. Girls performed significantly better than boys in laboratory tandem stance in following balance components: total sway path with eyes open (BSEO) (t = 2.68, p = 0.01, effect size (ES) = 0.81), total body sway with eyes closed of centre of pressure (CoP) displacement in the a-p direction (BSEC) (t = 1.86, p = 0.07, ES = 0.57), mean velocity of CoP displacements (VEO) (t = 2.67, p = 0.01, ES = 0.83), mean amplitude of CoP displacements in the a-p direction (AapEO) (t = 3.38. p = 0.00, ES = 1.01) and in mean amplitude of CoP displacements in the m-l direction (AmlEO) (t = 3.68, p = 0.00, ES = 1.19). With eyes closed, girls performed significantly better (t = 2.28, p = 0.03, ES = 0.70) than boys did in the mean amplitude of COP displacements in the a-p direction (AapEO) and significantly better (t = 2.37, p = 0.03, ES = 0.71) in the mean amplitude of COP displacements in the m-l direction (AmlEC). Insignificant correlations between different balance tests, except for a correlation between the flamingo test and one-leg stance on a low beam (r = 0.558, p < 0.01), show that each test assesses different aspects of balance ability; therefore, balance cannot be assessed with a single test. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7432309 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74323092020-08-24 Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability Sember, Vedrana Grošelj, Janja Pajek, Maja Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Balance is an essential prerequisite for the normal physical development of a child. It consists of the ability to maintain the body’s centre of mass over its base of support, which is enabled by automatic postural adjustments, and maintain posture and stability in various conditions and activities. The present study aimed to determine the measurement characteristics (reliability and concurrent validity) and the relative ability of balance tests and different motor tests in healthy 11-year-olds. We also evaluated the impact of vision on balance ability. Our results showed high interrater reliability (from 0.810 to 0.910) and confirmed the construct validity of the included balance tests. Girls performed significantly better than boys in laboratory tandem stance in following balance components: total sway path with eyes open (BSEO) (t = 2.68, p = 0.01, effect size (ES) = 0.81), total body sway with eyes closed of centre of pressure (CoP) displacement in the a-p direction (BSEC) (t = 1.86, p = 0.07, ES = 0.57), mean velocity of CoP displacements (VEO) (t = 2.67, p = 0.01, ES = 0.83), mean amplitude of CoP displacements in the a-p direction (AapEO) (t = 3.38. p = 0.00, ES = 1.01) and in mean amplitude of CoP displacements in the m-l direction (AmlEO) (t = 3.68, p = 0.00, ES = 1.19). With eyes closed, girls performed significantly better (t = 2.28, p = 0.03, ES = 0.70) than boys did in the mean amplitude of COP displacements in the a-p direction (AapEO) and significantly better (t = 2.37, p = 0.03, ES = 0.71) in the mean amplitude of COP displacements in the m-l direction (AmlEC). Insignificant correlations between different balance tests, except for a correlation between the flamingo test and one-leg stance on a low beam (r = 0.558, p < 0.01), show that each test assesses different aspects of balance ability; therefore, balance cannot be assessed with a single test. MDPI 2020-07-29 2020-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7432309/ /pubmed/32751279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155474 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sember, Vedrana Grošelj, Janja Pajek, Maja Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability |
title | Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability |
title_full | Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability |
title_fullStr | Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability |
title_full_unstemmed | Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability |
title_short | Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability |
title_sort | balance tests in pre-adolescent children: retest reliability, construct validity, and relative ability |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155474 |
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