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Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study
In this study, an on-road driving experiment was designed to investigate the visual attention fixation and transition characteristics of drivers when they are under different cognitive workloads. First, visual attention was macroscopically analyzed through the entropy method. Second, the Markov glan...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722496 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155366 |
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author | Ma, Yanli Qi, Shouming Zhang, Yaping Lian, Guan Lu, Weixin Chan, Ching-Yao |
author_facet | Ma, Yanli Qi, Shouming Zhang, Yaping Lian, Guan Lu, Weixin Chan, Ching-Yao |
author_sort | Ma, Yanli |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study, an on-road driving experiment was designed to investigate the visual attention fixation and transition characteristics of drivers when they are under different cognitive workloads. First, visual attention was macroscopically analyzed through the entropy method. Second, the Markov glance one- and two-step transition probability matrices were constructed, which can study the visual transition characteristics under different conditions from a microscopic perspective. Results indicate that the fixation entropy value of male drivers is 23.08% higher than that of female drivers. Under the normal driving state, drivers’ fixation on in-vehicle systems is not continuous and usually shifts to the front and left areas quickly after such fixation. When under cognitive workload, drivers’ vision transition is concentrated only in the front and right areas. In mild cognitive workload, drivers’ sight trajectory is mainly focused on the distant front area. As the workload level increases, the transition trajectory shifts to the junction near the front and far sides. The current study finds that the difference between an on-road test and a driving simulation is that during the on-road driving process, drivers are twice as attentive to the front area than to the driving simulator. The research provides practical guidance for the improvement of traffic safety. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7432427 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74324272020-08-24 Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study Ma, Yanli Qi, Shouming Zhang, Yaping Lian, Guan Lu, Weixin Chan, Ching-Yao Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In this study, an on-road driving experiment was designed to investigate the visual attention fixation and transition characteristics of drivers when they are under different cognitive workloads. First, visual attention was macroscopically analyzed through the entropy method. Second, the Markov glance one- and two-step transition probability matrices were constructed, which can study the visual transition characteristics under different conditions from a microscopic perspective. Results indicate that the fixation entropy value of male drivers is 23.08% higher than that of female drivers. Under the normal driving state, drivers’ fixation on in-vehicle systems is not continuous and usually shifts to the front and left areas quickly after such fixation. When under cognitive workload, drivers’ vision transition is concentrated only in the front and right areas. In mild cognitive workload, drivers’ sight trajectory is mainly focused on the distant front area. As the workload level increases, the transition trajectory shifts to the junction near the front and far sides. The current study finds that the difference between an on-road test and a driving simulation is that during the on-road driving process, drivers are twice as attentive to the front area than to the driving simulator. The research provides practical guidance for the improvement of traffic safety. MDPI 2020-07-25 2020-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7432427/ /pubmed/32722496 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155366 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ma, Yanli Qi, Shouming Zhang, Yaping Lian, Guan Lu, Weixin Chan, Ching-Yao Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study |
title | Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study |
title_full | Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study |
title_fullStr | Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study |
title_short | Drivers’ Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study |
title_sort | drivers’ visual attention characteristics under different cognitive workloads: an on-road driving behavior study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722496 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155366 |
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