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Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue
Sialic acids (Sias) are the most abundant terminal sugar residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of mammalian cells. The nervous tissue is the organ with the highest expression level of Sias. The ‘sialylation’ of glycoconjugates is performed via sialyltransferases, whereas ‘desialyl...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432451/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32752058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155494 |
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author | Liao, Huan Klaus, Christine Neumann, Harald |
author_facet | Liao, Huan Klaus, Christine Neumann, Harald |
author_sort | Liao, Huan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sialic acids (Sias) are the most abundant terminal sugar residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of mammalian cells. The nervous tissue is the organ with the highest expression level of Sias. The ‘sialylation’ of glycoconjugates is performed via sialyltransferases, whereas ‘desialylation’ is done by sialidases or is a possible consequence of oxidative damage. Sialic acid residues on the neural cell surfaces inhibit complement and microglial activation, as well as phagocytosis of the underlying structures, via binding to (i) complement factor H (CFH) or (ii) sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (SIGLEC) receptors. In contrast, activated microglial cells show sialidase activity that desialylates both microglia and neurons, and further stimulates innate immunity via microglia and complement activation. The desialylation conveys neurons to become susceptible to phagocytosis, as well as triggers a microglial phagocytosis-associated oxidative burst and inflammation. Dysfunctions of the ‘Sia–SIGLEC’ and/or ‘Sia–complement’ axes often lead to neurological diseases. Thus, Sias on glycoconjugates of the intact glycocalyx and its desialylation are major regulators of neuroinflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7432451 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74324512020-08-24 Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue Liao, Huan Klaus, Christine Neumann, Harald Int J Mol Sci Review Sialic acids (Sias) are the most abundant terminal sugar residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of mammalian cells. The nervous tissue is the organ with the highest expression level of Sias. The ‘sialylation’ of glycoconjugates is performed via sialyltransferases, whereas ‘desialylation’ is done by sialidases or is a possible consequence of oxidative damage. Sialic acid residues on the neural cell surfaces inhibit complement and microglial activation, as well as phagocytosis of the underlying structures, via binding to (i) complement factor H (CFH) or (ii) sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (SIGLEC) receptors. In contrast, activated microglial cells show sialidase activity that desialylates both microglia and neurons, and further stimulates innate immunity via microglia and complement activation. The desialylation conveys neurons to become susceptible to phagocytosis, as well as triggers a microglial phagocytosis-associated oxidative burst and inflammation. Dysfunctions of the ‘Sia–SIGLEC’ and/or ‘Sia–complement’ axes often lead to neurological diseases. Thus, Sias on glycoconjugates of the intact glycocalyx and its desialylation are major regulators of neuroinflammation. MDPI 2020-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7432451/ /pubmed/32752058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155494 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Liao, Huan Klaus, Christine Neumann, Harald Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue |
title | Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue |
title_full | Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue |
title_fullStr | Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue |
title_full_unstemmed | Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue |
title_short | Control of Innate Immunity by Sialic Acids in the Nervous Tissue |
title_sort | control of innate immunity by sialic acids in the nervous tissue |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432451/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32752058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155494 |
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