Cargando…
DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers
The phenotypic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development of sporadic solid cancers are still scarce. The aim of this review was to summarise and analyse published data on the associations between SNPs in mismatch repair genes and various cancers. The mismatch repair system...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432688/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32756484 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155561 |
_version_ | 1783571852045582336 |
---|---|
author | Caja, Fabian Vodickova, Ludmila Kral, Jan Vymetalkova, Veronika Naccarati, Alessio Vodicka, Pavel |
author_facet | Caja, Fabian Vodickova, Ludmila Kral, Jan Vymetalkova, Veronika Naccarati, Alessio Vodicka, Pavel |
author_sort | Caja, Fabian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The phenotypic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development of sporadic solid cancers are still scarce. The aim of this review was to summarise and analyse published data on the associations between SNPs in mismatch repair genes and various cancers. The mismatch repair system plays a unique role in the control of the genetic integrity and it is often inactivated (germline and somatic mutations and hypermethylation) in cancer patients. Here, we focused on germline variants in mismatch repair genes and found the outcomes rather controversial: some SNPs are sometimes ascribed as protective, while other studies reported their pathological effects. Regarding the complexity of cancer as one disease, we attempted to ascertain if particular polymorphisms exert the effect in the same direction in the development and treatment of different malignancies, although it is still not straightforward to conclude whether polymorphisms always play a clear positive role or a negative one. Most recent and robust genome-wide studies suggest that risk of cancer is modulated by variants in mismatch repair genes, for example in colorectal cancer. Our study shows that rs1800734 in MLH1 or rs2303428 in MSH2 may influence the development of different malignancies. The lack of functional studies on many DNA mismatch repair SNPs as well as their interactions are not explored yet. Notably, the concerted action of more variants in one individual may be protective or harmful. Further, complex interactions of DNA mismatch repair variations with both the environment and microenvironment in the cancer pathogenesis will deserve further attention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7432688 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74326882020-08-27 DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers Caja, Fabian Vodickova, Ludmila Kral, Jan Vymetalkova, Veronika Naccarati, Alessio Vodicka, Pavel Int J Mol Sci Review The phenotypic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development of sporadic solid cancers are still scarce. The aim of this review was to summarise and analyse published data on the associations between SNPs in mismatch repair genes and various cancers. The mismatch repair system plays a unique role in the control of the genetic integrity and it is often inactivated (germline and somatic mutations and hypermethylation) in cancer patients. Here, we focused on germline variants in mismatch repair genes and found the outcomes rather controversial: some SNPs are sometimes ascribed as protective, while other studies reported their pathological effects. Regarding the complexity of cancer as one disease, we attempted to ascertain if particular polymorphisms exert the effect in the same direction in the development and treatment of different malignancies, although it is still not straightforward to conclude whether polymorphisms always play a clear positive role or a negative one. Most recent and robust genome-wide studies suggest that risk of cancer is modulated by variants in mismatch repair genes, for example in colorectal cancer. Our study shows that rs1800734 in MLH1 or rs2303428 in MSH2 may influence the development of different malignancies. The lack of functional studies on many DNA mismatch repair SNPs as well as their interactions are not explored yet. Notably, the concerted action of more variants in one individual may be protective or harmful. Further, complex interactions of DNA mismatch repair variations with both the environment and microenvironment in the cancer pathogenesis will deserve further attention. MDPI 2020-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7432688/ /pubmed/32756484 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155561 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Caja, Fabian Vodickova, Ludmila Kral, Jan Vymetalkova, Veronika Naccarati, Alessio Vodicka, Pavel DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers |
title | DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers |
title_full | DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers |
title_fullStr | DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers |
title_full_unstemmed | DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers |
title_short | DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers |
title_sort | dna mismatch repair gene variants in sporadic solid cancers |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432688/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32756484 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155561 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cajafabian dnamismatchrepairgenevariantsinsporadicsolidcancers AT vodickovaludmila dnamismatchrepairgenevariantsinsporadicsolidcancers AT kraljan dnamismatchrepairgenevariantsinsporadicsolidcancers AT vymetalkovaveronika dnamismatchrepairgenevariantsinsporadicsolidcancers AT naccaratialessio dnamismatchrepairgenevariantsinsporadicsolidcancers AT vodickapavel dnamismatchrepairgenevariantsinsporadicsolidcancers |