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Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction
New biomarkers of early and late graft dysfunction are needed in renal transplant to improve management of complications and prolong graft survival. A wide range of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, measured in different biological fluids (serum, plasma, urine) and in renal tissues, ha...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155404 |
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author | Quaglia, Marco Merlotti, Guido Guglielmetti, Gabriele Castellano, Giuseppe Cantaluppi, Vincenzo |
author_facet | Quaglia, Marco Merlotti, Guido Guglielmetti, Gabriele Castellano, Giuseppe Cantaluppi, Vincenzo |
author_sort | Quaglia, Marco |
collection | PubMed |
description | New biomarkers of early and late graft dysfunction are needed in renal transplant to improve management of complications and prolong graft survival. A wide range of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, measured in different biological fluids (serum, plasma, urine) and in renal tissues, have been proposed for post-transplant delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection (AR), and chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). This review investigates old and new potential biomarkers for each of these clinical domains, seeking to underline their limits and strengths. OMICs technology has allowed identifying many candidate biomarkers, providing diagnostic and prognostic information at very early stages of pathological processes, such as AR. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are further promising tools. Although most of these biomarkers still need to be validated in multiple independent cohorts and standardized, they are paving the way for substantial advances, such as the possibility of accurately predicting risk of DGF before graft is implanted, of making a “molecular” diagnosis of subclinical rejection even before histological lesions develop, or of dissecting etiology of CAD. Identification of “immunoquiescent” or even tolerant patients to guide minimization of immunosuppressive therapy is another area of active research. The parallel progress in imaging techniques, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) is helping to fully exploit the wealth of information provided by biomarkers, leading to improved disease nosology of old entities such as transplant glomerulopathy. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether introduction of these new sets of biomarkers into clinical practice could actually reduce the need for renal biopsy, integrate traditional tools, and ultimately improve graft survival compared to current management. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7432796 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74327962020-08-27 Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction Quaglia, Marco Merlotti, Guido Guglielmetti, Gabriele Castellano, Giuseppe Cantaluppi, Vincenzo Int J Mol Sci Review New biomarkers of early and late graft dysfunction are needed in renal transplant to improve management of complications and prolong graft survival. A wide range of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, measured in different biological fluids (serum, plasma, urine) and in renal tissues, have been proposed for post-transplant delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection (AR), and chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). This review investigates old and new potential biomarkers for each of these clinical domains, seeking to underline their limits and strengths. OMICs technology has allowed identifying many candidate biomarkers, providing diagnostic and prognostic information at very early stages of pathological processes, such as AR. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are further promising tools. Although most of these biomarkers still need to be validated in multiple independent cohorts and standardized, they are paving the way for substantial advances, such as the possibility of accurately predicting risk of DGF before graft is implanted, of making a “molecular” diagnosis of subclinical rejection even before histological lesions develop, or of dissecting etiology of CAD. Identification of “immunoquiescent” or even tolerant patients to guide minimization of immunosuppressive therapy is another area of active research. The parallel progress in imaging techniques, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) is helping to fully exploit the wealth of information provided by biomarkers, leading to improved disease nosology of old entities such as transplant glomerulopathy. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether introduction of these new sets of biomarkers into clinical practice could actually reduce the need for renal biopsy, integrate traditional tools, and ultimately improve graft survival compared to current management. MDPI 2020-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7432796/ /pubmed/32751357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155404 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Quaglia, Marco Merlotti, Guido Guglielmetti, Gabriele Castellano, Giuseppe Cantaluppi, Vincenzo Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction |
title | Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction |
title_full | Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction |
title_fullStr | Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction |
title_short | Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction |
title_sort | recent advances on biomarkers of early and late kidney graft dysfunction |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155404 |
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